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87 lines
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87 lines
3.5 KiB
Markdown
# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 6 Pt. 1
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## Chapter 6: System Software
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### 6.1: System Software Overview
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System Software:
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- Enables the Operating System
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- Controls memory, input and output, and manages filing system
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- Runs essential processes automatically
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- Controls the physical hardware so that applications software can work
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- If your computer is running, your system software is working
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### 6.2: Starting the Computer
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What happens when you press the power button:
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- System searches for Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
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- Firmware, locates computer hardware
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- SS loads the platform (OS) into the computer’s memory: Booting
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- Powering up the computer for the first time: Cold Boot
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- Restarting a computer: Warm Boot
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- Computer will ask for login and load your profile
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- Preferences, themes, styles, and types of resources set up by the user
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- Registry loads settings made by the user
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- Screen savers, appearance, and personalizations
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### 6.3: Administering Application Software
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- When a user clicks on an application, the application info moves from the hard drive to RAM (Random Access Memory)
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- SS and OS make sure application software works correctly
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### 6.4: Memory Management
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- Computer memory allocation can be compared to a farmer allocating water for crops
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- Virtual memory: The technique of breaking large files down from the hard drive into smaller, more manageable files that fit in RAM
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- Smaller files called Pages
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- If the pages exceed RAM storage, OS will store temporary copies of pages to hard drive
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- Swap Files: When pages exceed RAM storage, OS swaps pages between hard drive and RAM
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Ask yourself: Does your business need new computers or new computer parts?
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- New computer: $800-1500
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- Upgraded RAM: $50-$200
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- Upgraded Hard Drive:$40-$100
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### 6.5: Interfacing and Utilities
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SS in the form of an OS must serve as a translator for both the computer and end user
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- Monitor: displays and renders output an end user can understand
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- GUI
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- Icon: A small pictogram on the desktop that a user clicks with a mouse
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- Window: A GUI unto its own
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- Device Drivers: allow input and output devices to operate properly
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- The background displayed on the monitor is considered the desktop environment, or "desktop" for short
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- Active Window: the window that the user is currently using
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### 6.6: File Management Systems
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Based on a hierarchy of folders that contain computer files. File management systems are searchable and provide information on files:
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- File Name
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- File Creation Date
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- File Modification Date
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- Location of the file
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- Who created or modified a file
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- File size
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- In business, it is important to establish your file management system early
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### 6.7: System Software Utilities
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- Tracks: concentric circular bands
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- Sectors: Tracks that are separated into wedges
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- Defragmentation: Organizes + and – charges to the innermost tracks of the disk to reduce the amount of time it takes the R/W arm to find the info
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### 6.8: Antivirus Utilities
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Antivirus Utilities: System software that identifies known viruses to block them from entering and infecting a computer system
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- Utilizes a database of known viruses to cross reference against each incoming file
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- Subscription service: Norton Antivirus and McAfee VirusScan
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### 6.9: System Updates
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- To compensate for OS inadequacies, OS offer a system software utility called system update
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- Patches sent from Microsoft (or Mac) via the Internet to a user’s computer
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