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102 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
102 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 5
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## Chapter 5: Operating System
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### 5.1: Operating System Fundamentals
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- 1980: Bill Gates and Paul Allen leased IBM a Personal Computer (PC) called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) for a one-time fee of $\$50,000$.
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- Gates Kept the copyright for MS-DOS
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- 1984: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Mac OS
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- Advertised on "More user-friendly"
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### 5.2: Understanding Operating Systems
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- System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)
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- Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
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- Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux
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- **Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system**.
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### 5.3: Memory Management
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- **Operating system coordinate**: Computers memory
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- **Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory**
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- **Disk Storage**
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- **CPU Cache**: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory
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- Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.
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- **Random Access Memory (RAM)**: Volatile memory
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- Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory
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- > **volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off**.
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### 5.4: Memory Management Contd.
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- Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs
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- Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.
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- Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage.
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- The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.
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### 5.5: Disk Management
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- OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible
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- Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)
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- Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive
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- Note required for SSD
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- Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
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- Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures
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- Cons: more prone to damage
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- Solid State Drives (SSD)
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- Pros: N moving parts, more reliable
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- Cons: More expensive.
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### 5.6: File Management
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- File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders
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- Can be compared to a physical storage
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### 5.7: Networks
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- Network: 2 or more computers connected together
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- Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another
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- Transfers info by breaking up files into packates
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- The internet is the world's largest network
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### 5.8: Device Drivers
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- Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices
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- Modern OS have plug-and-play capability
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- 1996: USB developed and considered industry standard
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### 5.9: embedded Operating Systems
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- Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing
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- Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices
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- Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases
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- Embedded OS used on most cell pones
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- Google, Android, and iPhone
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### 5.10: Mac or PC?
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- The answer is baed on the needs of the business
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- Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?
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### 5.11: Major Operating Systems
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- Microsoft Windows: Windows 10
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- Windows 11 available for download
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- Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS)
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- Version 14: Sonoma
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- Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely
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- Created by **Linux Torvalds**
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- UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.
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### 5.12: Open-Source OS
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- Proprietary software vs. open-source
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- Why doesn't everyone use open-source
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- Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted
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