Merge d19e071e5f into 0f0d6c1f00

docs/.vitepress/config.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { head } from './config/head'
 import { themeConfig } from './config/theme'
 import { withTwoslash } from '@andatoshiki/vitepress-plugin-shiki-twoslash'
 
-import { generateSitemap as sitemap } from 'sitemap-ts'
+// import { generateSitemap as sitemap } from 'sitemap-ts'
 import { genFeed } from './plugins/genFeed'
 import { createWriteStream } from 'node:fs'
 import { resolve } from 'node:path'
@@ -47,9 +47,12 @@ export default withTwoslash(
         },
         ignoreDeadLinks: true,
         async buildEnd(siteConfig) {
-            await sitemap({ hostname: 'https://chodocs.cn/' })
+            // await sitemap({ hostname: 'https://note.toshiki.dev/' })
             await genFeed(siteConfig)
         },
+        sitemap: {
+            hostname: 'https://note.toshiki.dev'
+        }
     })
 )
 customElements // custom element tags of markdown-it-katex in vitepress

docs/.vitepress/config/footer.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { DefaultTheme } from 'vitepress/theme'
 
 export const footer: DefaultTheme.Config['footer'] = {
-    copyright: `Copyright © 2023-${new Date().getFullYear()} <a href="https://github.com/andatoshiki">Anda Toshiki</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lolilab">LoliLab</a> and <a href="https://github.com/toshikidev">Toshiki Dev</a> present <br /><span id="siteruntime_span"></span>`,
-    message: `Wrote with <i class="heart fa fa-heart fa-xs fa-beat"></i> and <i class="coffee fa fa-coffee fa-xs" aria-hidden="true"></i> by <a href="https://toshiki.dev">Anda Toshiki</a> at <code>root@andatoshiki:/~</code>`,
+    copyright: `Wrote with <span class="heart">💓</span> with 🌵 by <a href="https://toshiki.dev">Anda Toshiki</a> at <code>root@andatoshiki:/~</code> in the innovative HQ of <a href="https://asu.edu">ASU</a>`,
+    message: `Copyright © 2023-${new Date().getFullYear()} <a href="https://github.com/andatoshiki">Anda Toshiki</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lolilab">LoliLab</a> and <a href="https://github.com/toshikidev">Toshiki Dev</a> present <br /><span id="siteruntime_span"></span>`,
 }

docs/.vitepress/config/head.ts

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export const head: HeadConfig[] = [
         `,
     ],
 
-    // self-hosted umami instance for website analytics tracking
+    // self-hosted UMAMI instance for website analytics tracking
     [
         'script',
         {

docs/.vitepress/config/meta.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { version } from '../../../package.json'
 
 // base info
 export const name = 'toshiki-notebook'
-export const site = 'https://note.toshiki.dev'
+export const site = 'https://note.toshiki.dev/'
 export const logo = 'https://note.toshiki.dev/logos/logo-308px.png'
 export const keywords =
     'Toshiki, Anda Toshiki, andatoshiki, GitHub, GitHub action, Vitepress, Vite, Notebook, Knowledge base, Programming, Programming Notes, Academic, Personal, Notebook, Productivity, Journal, Note-taking, Markdown, Notepad, Organization, Tutorial'
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ export const description = "Toshiki's web notebook served via Vitepress!"
 
 // social link
 // export const bilibili = ''
-export const github = 'https://github.com/chodocs/chodocs'
+export const github = 'https://github.com/andatoshiki/toshiki-notebook·'
 
 // docs version
 export const docsVersion = version

docs/.vitepress/config/nav.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { DefaultTheme } from 'vitepress/theme'
 export const nav: DefaultTheme.Config['nav'] = [
     {
         text: 'Development',
-        link: '/development/',
+        link: '/development/file-naming-convention',
     },
     {
         text: 'Academic',
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ export const nav: DefaultTheme.Config['nav'] = [
                         link: '/academic/literature/index',
                         activeMatch: '/academic/literature/',
                     },
+                    {
+                        text: 'CIS105',
+                        link: '/academic/cis105/index',
+                        activeMatch: '/academic/cis105/',
+                    },
                 ],
             },
             {

docs/.vitepress/config/sidebar.ts

@@ -13,7 +13,15 @@ export const sidebar: DefaultTheme.Config['sidebar'] = {
                     link: '/development/file-naming-convention',
                 },
                 { text: 'RClone for R2', link: '/development/rclone-for-r2' },
-                { text: 'Proxies Configuration for Shells & Terminal', link: '/development/proxy4shell-terminal'}
+                { text: 'Proxies Configuration for Shells & Terminal', link: '/development/proxy4shell-terminal' },
+                {
+                    text: 'Git push results in "Authentication Failed"',
+                    link: '/development/git-push-authentication-failed',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Installing NPM Packages Behind Proxy',
+                    link: '/development/installing-npm-package-behind-proxy'
+                }
             ],
         },
         {
@@ -157,6 +165,95 @@ export const sidebar: DefaultTheme.Config['sidebar'] = {
         },
     ],
 
+    '/academic/cis105/': [
+        {
+            text: 'CIS 105: Computer Applications and Information Technology',
+            collapsed: false,
+            items: [
+                {
+                    text: 'Course Overview & Schedule',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/index',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 1: Everything Changes',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l1-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 2: Application Software',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l2-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 3: Computer Hardware',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l3-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 4: Formulas and Functions',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 5: Operating System',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 6 Pt 2: Logical Functions',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 7: Green Business Computing',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 8: Green Computer Networks',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 9: Internet',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 10: Business Websites',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 11: Computer Security',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 12: Introduction to SQL',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l12-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 13: Information Systems in Business',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l13-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 14: More SQL Statements',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note'
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 15: Business System Reporting',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l15-lecture-note'
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 16: Information Technology Careers',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l16-lecture-note'
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 17: SQL Clauses: JOIN Query',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l17-lecture-note'
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 18: Databases',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l18-lecture-note'
+                }
+            ],
+        },
+    ],
+
     // vocabulary
     '/academic/vocabulary/': [
         {

docs/.vitepress/config/theme.ts

@@ -14,10 +14,14 @@ export const themeConfig: DefaultTheme.Config = {
     outlineBadges: false, // whether to show badge on outline
     lastUpdatedText: 'Last updated', // config for last updated footer text
     // documentation full text search config via algolia
-    algolia: {
-        appId: 'G9IUR45K98',
-        apiKey: '8528cc91281d8112b28f508317a96dd3',
-        indexName: 'toshiki-notebook',
+    // algolia: {
+    //     appId: 'G9IUR45K98',
+    //     apiKey: '8528cc91281d8112b28f508317a96dd3',
+    //     indexName: 'toshiki-notebook',
+    // },
+    // documentation full local index search
+    search: {
+        provider: 'local',
     },
     // documentation edit link
     editLink: {
@@ -28,6 +32,7 @@ export const themeConfig: DefaultTheme.Config = {
     socialLinks: [
         { icon: 'github', link: 'https://github.com/andatoshiki' },
         { icon: 'twitter', link: 'https://twitter.com/andatoshiki' },
+        { icon: 'mastodon', link: 'https://mastodon.social/@andatoshiki' },
     ],
     // custom vue components
     // @ts-ignore

docs/.vitepress/theme/components/Copyright.vue

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ const homepageLink = `https://www.toshiki.dev`
     border-color: var(--vp-custom-block-tip-border);
     border-style: solid;
     border-width: 1px;
+    border-color: var(--vp-c-green-2);
     background-color: var(--vp-custom-block-tip-bg);
     border-radius: 6px;
     color: var(--vp-c-text-2);

docs/.vitepress/theme/styles/custom.scss

@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@
 
 /* fontawesome heart pumping styles */
 .heart {
+    display: inline-block;
     animation: heart 5s ease infinite;
-    color: red;
+    // color: red;
 }
 
 @keyframes heart {
@@ -114,9 +115,9 @@
 /* font awesome heart pumping style ends */
 
 // font awesome coffee brown color style
-.coffee {
-    color: rgb(88, 13, 13);
-}
+// .coffee {
+//     color: rgb(88, 13, 13);
+// }
 // font awesome coffee brown color style ends
 
 /* glonal code font styles */
@@ -430,3 +431,66 @@ html.dark {
     align-items: end;
 }
 // vitepress homepage styles end
+
+// macos styled pre tag code block styles with three colored dots
+.vp-doc div[class*='language-'] {
+    position: relative;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    // box-shadow: 0 10px 30px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);
+    z-index: 1;
+}
+
+/* No line number: add macOS-style small dot */
+.vp-doc div[class*='language-']::before {
+    content: '';
+    display: block;
+    position: relative;
+    top: 12px;
+    left: 12px;
+    width: 12px;
+    height: 12px;
+    background-color: #ff5f56;
+    border-radius: 50%;
+    box-shadow: 20px 0 0 #ffbd2e, 40px 0 0 #27c93f;
+    z-index: 1;
+}
+
+/* With line number: add background shadow */
+div[class*='language-'].vp-adaptive-theme.line-numbers-mode {
+    position: relative;
+    border-radius: 8px;
+    overflow: hidden;
+    // box-shadow: 0 10px 30px 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 40%);
+}
+
+/* With line number: add macOS-style small dot */
+.vp-doc div[class*='language-'].line-numbers-mode::before {
+    content: '';
+    display: block;
+    position: relative;
+    top: 12px;
+    left: -22px;
+    width: 12px;
+    height: 12px;
+    background-color: #ff5f56;
+    border-radius: 50%;
+    box-shadow: 20px 0 0 #ffbd2e, 40px 0 0 #27c93f;
+    z-index: 1;
+}
+
+/* Move line number down to align with code; hide right vertical line */
+.vp-doc .line-numbers-wrapper {
+    padding-top: 32px;
+    border-right: none;
+}
+
+/* Rebuild the right vertical line for line numbers */
+.vp-doc .line-numbers-wrapper::after {
+    content: '';
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 38px;
+    right: 0;
+    border-right: 1px solid var(--vp-code-block-divider-color);
+    height: calc(100% - 66px);
+}

docs/.vitepress/theme/styles/tweak.scss

@@ -23,6 +23,12 @@
     --vp-c-danger-2: var(--vp-c-red-2);
     --vp-c-danger-3: var(--vp-c-red-3);
     --vp-c-danger-soft: var(--vp-c-red-soft);
+
+    /* Color scheme for version 1.0.0-beta.7 and earlier */
+    --vp-c-brand-1: var(--vp-c-green-1);
+    --vp-c-brand-2: var(--vp-c-green-2);
+    --vp-c-brand-3: var(--vp-c-green-3);
+    --vp-c-brand-soft: var(--vp-c-green-soft);
 }
 
 :root {
@@ -37,13 +43,13 @@
     --vp-button-brand-active-bg: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
 }
 
-:root {
-    --vp-home-hero-name-color: transparent;
-    --vp-home-hero-name-background: -webkit-linear-gradient(120deg, #bd34fe 30%, #41d1ff);
+// :root {
+//     --vp-home-hero-name-color: transparent;
+//     --vp-home-hero-name-background: -webkit-linear-gradient(120deg, #bd34fe 30%, #41d1ff);
 
-    --vp-home-hero-image-background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bd34fe 50%, #47caff 50%);
-    --vp-home-hero-image-filter: blur(40px);
-}
+//     --vp-home-hero-image-background-image: linear-gradient(-45deg, #bd34fe 50%, #47caff 50%);
+//     --vp-home-hero-image-filter: blur(40px);
+// }
 
 @media (min-width: 640px) {
     :root {
@@ -67,3 +73,189 @@
 .DocSearch {
     --docsearch-primary-color: var(--vp-c-brand-1) !important;
 }
+
+// github/mkdocs styled adomonition callout component css style tweak
+/* Light and dark color cards */
+:root {
+    --custom-block-info-left: #cccccc;
+    --custom-block-info-bg: #fafafa;
+
+    --custom-block-tip-left: #009400;
+    --custom-block-tip-bg: #e6f6e6;
+
+    --custom-block-warning-left: #e6a700;
+    --custom-block-warning-bg: #fff8e6;
+
+    --custom-block-danger-left: #e13238;
+    --custom-block-danger-bg: #ffebec;
+
+    --custom-block-note-left: #4cb3d4;
+    --custom-block-note-bg: #eef9fd;
+
+    --custom-block-important-left: #a371f7;
+    --custom-block-important-bg: #f4eefe;
+}
+
+.dark {
+    --custom-block-info-left: #cccccc;
+    --custom-block-info-bg: #474748;
+
+    --custom-block-tip-left: #009400;
+    --custom-block-tip-bg: #003100;
+
+    --custom-block-warning-left: #e6a700;
+    --custom-block-warning-bg: #4d3800;
+
+    --custom-block-danger-left: #e13238;
+    --custom-block-danger-bg: #4b1113;
+
+    --custom-block-note-left: #4cb3d4;
+    --custom-block-note-bg: #193c47;
+
+    --custom-block-important-left: #a371f7;
+    --custom-block-important-bg: #230555;
+}
+
+/* Title font size */
+.custom-block-title {
+    font-size: 16px;
+}
+
+/* Info container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.info {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-info-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-info-bg);
+}
+
+/* Info container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.info [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 22C6.477 22 2 17.523 2 12S6.477 2 12 2s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10zm-1-11v6h2v-6h-2zm0-4v2h2V7h-2z' fill='%23ccc'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+    top: -2px;
+}
+
+/* Tip container: border color, background color, left side */
+.custom-block.tip {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-tip-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-tip-bg);
+}
+
+/* Tip container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.tip [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23009400' d='M7.941 18c-.297-1.273-1.637-2.314-2.187-3a8 8 0 1 1 12.49.002c-.55.685-1.888 1.726-2.185 2.998H7.94zM16 20v1a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1h8zm-3-9.995V6l-4.5 6.005H11v4l4.5-6H13z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+    top: -2px;
+}
+
+/* Warning container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.warning {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-warning-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-warning-bg);
+}
+
+/* Warning container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.warning [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1024 1024'%3E%3Cpath d='M576.286 752.57v-95.425q0-7.031-4.771-11.802t-11.3-4.772h-96.43q-6.528 0-11.3 4.772t-4.77 11.802v95.424q0 7.031 4.77 11.803t11.3 4.77h96.43q6.528 0 11.3-4.77t4.77-11.803zm-1.005-187.836 9.04-230.524q0-6.027-5.022-9.543-6.529-5.524-12.053-5.524H456.754q-5.524 0-12.053 5.524-5.022 3.516-5.022 10.547l8.538 229.52q0 5.023 5.022 8.287t12.053 3.265h92.913q7.032 0 11.803-3.265t5.273-8.287zM568.25 95.65l385.714 707.142q17.578 31.641-1.004 63.282-8.538 14.564-23.354 23.102t-31.892 8.538H126.286q-17.076 0-31.892-8.538T71.04 866.074q-18.582-31.641-1.004-63.282L455.75 95.65q8.538-15.57 23.605-24.61T512 62t32.645 9.04 23.605 24.61z' fill='%23e6a700'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+}
+
+/* Danger container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.danger {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-danger-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-danger-bg);
+}
+
+/* Danger container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.danger [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 2c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10v3.764a2 2 0 0 1-1.106 1.789L18 19v1a3 3 0 0 1-2.824 2.995L14.95 23a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 .044-.33L15 22.5V22a2 2 0 0 0-1.85-1.995L13 20h-2a2 2 0 0 0-1.995 1.85L9 22v.5c0 .171.017.339.05.5H9a3 3 0 0 1-3-3v-1l-2.894-1.447A2 2 0 0 1 2 15.763V12C2 6.477 6.477 2 12 2zm-4 9a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4zm8 0a2 2 0 1 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 0-4z' fill='%23e13238'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+    top: -2px;
+}
+
+/* Note container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.note {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-note-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-note-bg);
+}
+
+/* Note container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.note [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'%3E%3Cpath d='M12 22C6.477 22 2 17.523 2 12S6.477 2 12 2s10 4.477 10 10-4.477 10-10 10zm-1-11v6h2v-6h-2zm0-4v2h2V7h-2z' fill='%234cb3d4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+    top: -2px;
+}
+
+/* Important container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.important {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--custom-block-important-left);
+    background-color: var(--custom-block-important-bg);
+}
+
+/* Important container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.important [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
+    background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 1024 1024'%3E%3Cpath d='M512 981.333a84.992 84.992 0 0 1-84.907-84.906h169.814A84.992 84.992 0 0 1 512 981.333zm384-128H128v-42.666l85.333-85.334v-256A298.325 298.325 0 0 1 448 177.92V128a64 64 0 0 1 128 0v49.92a298.325 298.325 0 0 1 234.667 291.413v256L896 810.667v42.666zm-426.667-256v85.334h85.334v-85.334h-85.334zm0-256V512h85.334V341.333h-85.334z' fill='%23a371f7'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
+    width: 20px;
+    height: 20px;
+    display: inline-block;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    position: relative;
+    margin-right: 4px;
+    left: -5px;
+    top: -2px;
+}
+
+/* Caution container: background color, left side */
+.custom-block.caution {
+    border-left: 5px solid var(--vp-c-red-3);
+    background-color: var(--vp-c-red-soft);
+}
+
+/* Caution container: svg icon */
+.custom-block.caution [class*='custom-block-title']::before {
+    content: '';
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docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l1-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lec. 1.
+
+## Chapter 1: Everything Changes
+
+### 1.1: The Historic Timelines
+
+-   1903: Wright bros, invented the airplane.
+-   1969: Armstrong walks on the moon.
+-   2004: SpaceX Falcon 9 lands upright.
+-   2015: Electreic plane crosses English Channel
+-   20xx: Google Live goes online.
+
+-   Boeing 777, commercial airline airplanes normally cost approximately $\$ 200,000,000,000$ for a singular aircraft.
+
+### 1.2: Analytical Engne
+
+A mechanical computing device, was a special-purpose machine designed to tabulate logarithms and trigonometric functions by evaluating finite differences to create approximating polynomials.
+
+### 1.3: Ada Lovelace
+
+It tok the powerful insights of a mathematicial named Ada Lovelace to realize the true potentilal of the analytical engine. She was the first person to recognize that the machine could be used for more than pure calculations. She developed the first algorithm for the engine. It was the very first example of **computer programming**.
+
+### 1.4: Information Technology is for People
+
+-   **Information technology (IT)**: the study, design, development, implementation, support, and management of computer-baed information systems, particularly software hardware.
+    -   **People are the most important component in an information system** because **it is only a human who can conceive information from data**. Computer system is only a machinery device and human is expected to operate towards aspects on **how to perform**, **what to perform**, **what to outcome**.
+-   **End-users (people)** are what make computers start.
+-   **Attitude** will be the defining factor in your success when it comes to computer competency.
+-   **Best practice**: a management process, technique, or method that is most effective at arriving at desired outcome or better outcome than any other process, technique, or method.
+    -   **The best and effective way of practice is through persistent and consistent training and reviewing.**
+
+### 1.5: Moore's Law
+
+-   **Gordon Moore**: One of the founding fathers of the Intel.
+-   **Computer power doubles every eighteen months**.
+    -   This essentially means that, if a business purchases a computer today, in eighteen months there will be a computer available that is twice as fast.
+-   Being a Leader vs. Follower controversy
+
+### 1.6: The Cuff Smartwatch?
+
+US rapper/producer/entrepreneur Will.i.Am announced his foray into the world of wearable tech in 2014, proclaiming to have created a device so life-changing and futuristic it'd blow our archaic mind.
+
+-   [Wikipedia smartwatch reference](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartwatch)
+
+### 1.7: Types of Computer
+
+-   **Mainframe**: Banks, Tech Companies
+-   **Midrange**: Small to Mid-sized business, not as powerful.
+-   **Microcomputer**: Laptops, **Desktops**, **Tablet** & Handled.
+
+### 1.8: What is System Software?
+
+-   System software vs. Operating system
+
+-   System software vs. Application software
+
+-   Operating system: Manages resources. Responsible for reading and writing data.
+
+-   Graphical User Interface (GUI) & Command line interface.
+
+    -   The level of an operational system layers by interface visibility.
+
+        -   ```mermaid
+            graph LR;
+            a[GUI] --> b[Application software];
+            b --> c[Operating system];
+            c --> d[System software];
+            d --> e[CLI]
+            ```
+
+### 1.9: Operating Systems/Platforms
+
+-   **A collection of computer programs that work together to manage hardware and software to ensure that they are working properly.**
+    -   Memory allocation
+    -   Administer input and output of information
+    -   File management
+-   **Platform (OS)**: Microsoft Windows, macOS, iOS, Linux, UNIX.
+
+### 2.0: Processes/Multitasking
+
+-   **Process**: Any task a computer performs.
+-   **Multitasking**: the execution of multiple processes over a certain period of time.
+
+### 2.1: Memory/Disk management
+
+-   **Operating systems**: Cache, random access memory (ram), registers, virtual memory.
+
+-   **Primary storage vs. Secondary Storage**: RAM, hard drive, file allocation table (FAT).
+
+    -   The table of contents of a hard drive, or the file system directory structure of a system.
+
+    > -   Primary storage is accessed randomly which indicating the storage is only temporary without preserved.
+    >
+    > -   Secondary storage is the permanent storage on a specific device while user information is stored on the machine within the physical drive storage.
+
+### 2.2: Business Computing Software
+
+-   Software suite: Spreadsheets, word processors, database, and presentation software (aka application suite or productivity suite).
+
+    -   Sharing information between these applications is te mot important aspect of a software suite.
+
+-   Hot keys/shortcuts: <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+ <kbd>C</kbd> & <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>V</kbd> on Windows; <kbd>Command</kbd>+ <kbd>C</kbd> & <kbd>Command</kbd> + <kbd>V</kbd> on Windows.
+
+-   **Object linking and embedding (OLE) (Static)**
+
+    -   **In static linking, the system linker copies the dependencies into the final executable.** At the time of linking an external library, the linker finds all dependencies that are defined in that library. And it replaces them with the corresponding functions from the library to resolve dependencies in our code. Afterward, the linker generates the final executable file that we can execute on the underlying machine.
+
+        For example, let’s say our application calls the function _print()_ from an external library named _Library._ The assembler generates the object file with all native symbols resolved to their memory addresses. The external reference _print()_ cannot be resolved. The linker loads this library and finds the definition of _print()_ in it. Then, it maps to _print()_ to a memory location and thus resolves the dependency:
+
+        ![Static Linking](https://www.baeldung.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/10/Static-Linking.jpg)
+
+        **So, a statically linked file contains our program’s code as well as the code of all the libraries it invokes**. Since we copy complete libraries, we need space on both the disk and in the main memory because the resulting file may be very large.
+
+-   **Object linking (Dynamic)**
+
+    -   **In dynamic linking, we copy the names of the external libraries into our final executable as unresolved symbols. We do the actual linking of these unresolved symbols only at runtime.** How? When encountering an unresolved symbol, we query RAM for it. If the corresponding library isn’t loaded, the operating system loads it in the memory. So, **the operating system performs dynamic linking for us by resolving each external symbol on the first muss.** As a result, we load only a single copy of a library in memory and all processes use it.

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 10
+
+## Chapter 10: Business Websites
+
+### 10.1: Business Website Alternative
+
+-   Web development platforms (WDP): Website creation programs that help non-web developers develop a website for a relatively low price.
+    -   Web.com, Wix.com, Squarespace.com
+    -   A great option for business owners
+    -   Search Engine Optimization
+
+### 10.2: Early Website Technology
+
+-   Who created Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)?
+-   HTML is platform-neutral
+-   What happens when you use the internet:
+    -   You don't visit websites, websites visit you
+    -   Copies of request kept in client's cache
+
+```mermaid
+graph LR
+A[You click on hyperlink] --> B[Web server ses HTTP to send copy of request to client]
+```
+
+### 10.3: Hypertext Markup Language
+
+-   The principal programming language for browsers
+-   Elements: HTML represented in the form of tags that are enclosed by brackets: `</>`
+-   `<meta></meta>`: Used to help search engines
+    -   Will include info like web page's author, descriptions, and keywords
+    -   Called meta keywords or meta-words.
+-   Link element: `<a href="www.youtube.com">Youtube</a>`
+-   Image element: `<img src="meadow.gif" alt="meadow"></img>`
+-   JavaScript: A client-side programming language used to build websites
+    -   Requires a Java-enabled browser to work
+    -   Ex: Countdown timer
+
+### 10.4: Websites Styles & Categories
+
+-   Website categories: Personal, Commercial, Governmental, and **intranet**
+    -   Static Website (AKA Brochure websites): Content typically designed with HTML; never changes
+    -   Dynamic Websites: Generate web pages directly from the server depending on the context of the user
+        -   Ex: Social Media
+        -   Much more difficult to program, but are much easier to maintain
+
+### 10.5: Types of Websites
+
+-   Blog: An online diary, originally called a web-log
+-   Content Website: typically dispense original content and often supported by advertising
+-   Corporate Website: Distribute info about a business
+-   Commerce Website (AKA E-Commerce site): to sell goods and services online
+-   Search Engine Website: Offers general information and intended to be the entryway to other websites
+-   Gaming Website: Typically, games unto themselves; require plug-ins like Adobe Flash, JavaScript, and ActiveX
+-   News Websites: Specifically devoted to providing news and commentary
+-   School Websites: Typically used by teachers, students, parents, and administrators.
+-   Video-sharing websites: Allow users to upload videos for a wider audience
+    -   Utilizes Users Datagram Protocol (UDP)
+
+### 10.6: Website Online Software
+
+-   HTML is not a powerful programming language
+-   Fat Client: Provides rich functionality on the client side; independent of a central server
+    -   Ex: Microsoft programs
+    -   Pros: More functionality, very powerful
+    -   Cons: Expensive. Requires additional software and set up, requires more processing power
+-   Thin Client: A client that depends on a server for computing processing
+    -   Ex: Web browsers
+    -   Pros: Platform neutral, cheaper to maintain, better distribution of info
+    -   Cons: Not as powerful, less functionality, requires refreshing from the user
+
+### 10.7: Online Advertising
+
+-   Online Advertising: A form of sponsorship that uses the WWW for delivering business-marketing strategies
+-   Examples:
+    -   Search Engine Results
+    -   Native Advertising
+    -   Social Network Advertising
+    -   Banner advertisement
+-   Purchasing Online Advertising
+    -   Cost Per Click (CPC)
+    -   Cost Per Thousand Impressions (CPM)
+    -   Cost Per Action (CPA)

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 11
+
+## Chapter 11: Computer Security
+
+> Midterm reminder: March 28th - 29th
+>
+> -   Exam Review after Chapter 11KC
+> -   40 new questions, 10 KC questions
+>     -   Same format as last time
+
+### 11.1: System Security & Computer Privacy
+
+-   An unsecured computer is extremely easy to breach by any seasoned hacker
+-   Computer Security: Concerned with risk management, confidentiality, integrity, and the availability of the electronic info processed and stored within a computing system
+-   Risk Management: Includes the recognition, consequences, and assessment of risk to a computer's assets, and developing strategies to manage and protect them
+
+### 11.2: Business System Threats
+
+-   Intranet: A businesses' private version of the internet
+-   The key aspect of an intranet is privacy
+-   Firewall: Hardware and software working together to ensure that only authorized personnel can access the business' intranet
+
+### 11.3: Firewall
+
+-   Without a firewall, an intranet is just another part of the internet
+-   Proxy Server: A special security computer that allows communication to flow in and out of an intranet to check for external threats
+-   Two standard security practices for firewalls:
+    -   Default-Deny
+    -   Default-Allow
+
+### 11.4: Malware Threats
+
+-   The term "virus" comes from biology
+-   Malware Motivations:
+    -   Experimental Malware
+    -   Worms
+    -   Trojan Horses
+    -   Spyware/Keylogging
+    -   Adware
+    -   Spamming
+    -   Denial-of-Service Attach (DoS)
+        -   The deadliest
+    -   Reverse Phishing - "Spear Phishing"
+
+### 11.5: Malware Solutions
+
+-   Antivirus Software
+    -   Norton AntiVirus
+    -   McAfee's VirusScan
+-   System patches
+-   Data Backup
+-   Employee training
+
+### 11.6: Internet Fraud
+
+-   Internet fraud: Any fraudulent activity in an online setting
+-   Google AdSense, Google's advertising network; the middleman between the advertiser and the website owner
+-   Click Fraud: a program that automatically clicks on Ads
+-   Purchase Scam: scammer asks seller to pay for shipping via credit card, cancels credit card after order has shipped
+-   Most uncomplicated type of internet fraud
+-   Phishing: Uses social engineering techniques to gain private information
+
+### 11.7: Computer Privacy
+
+-   Privacy: The ability of an individual to keep their personal information out of public view
+-   Anonymous: One's personal identity Is not be known
+-   Tracking Cookie: A small text file that tracks your interaction on a website
+-   History files: A list of stored or cached websites on a user's computer
+
+> 50% of the time an unsecured computer can be hacked, and a password can be guessed
+
+### 11.8: Identity Theft
+
+-   Identity theft: A crime concerning the unlawful practice of assuming another individual's identity
+-   Ways to acquire personal information:
+    -   Shoulder Surfing
+    -   Dumpster Diving
+-   SCAM
+    -   Stingy
+    -   Check
+    -   Ask
+    -   Maintain
+-   ASU's Recommended Password Manager: Stache
+    -   Bitwarden, 1Password, Dashlane, Keeper, KeePass

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l12-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 12
+
+## Chapter 12: Introduction to SQL
+
+### 12.1: SQL Getting Started
+
+- Capture the data
+  - Point of Sale, Scanning, etc
+- Get the data into a database
+  - Import from other systems
+  - Direct input from forms
+- Extract the data
+  - SQL
+- Use the data
+  - Analysis systems
+  - Reporting systems
+- SQL: The language of relational databases
+  - Structured query Language
+
+If you plan to analyze data for a business, there is a good chance it's stored in a data warehouse, and you will need to learn how to retrieve it yourself.
+
+### 12.2: SQL Statement
+
+- `SELECT`: What **fields** (column) you want
+  - `fieldname`: If the name is used in only one table
+- `FROM`: What table or tables contain the fields
+- `ORDER BY`: Sorting
+- `DISTINCT`: Use after `SELECT` when you only want to show each vale of the selected field(s) once
+- `LIMIT`: Use when you want to limit the number of records produced

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l13-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 13
+
+## Chapter 13: Information Systems in Business
+
+### 13.1: Business Functions
+
+- What is the definition of a business
+  - Accounting
+  - Human Resources
+  - Marketing
+  - Research and Development (R&D)
+  - Production
+  - **Collaboration is key**
+
+### 13.2: The Accounting Department
+
+- "The mathematics of business"
+- Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
+- Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX)
+
+### 13.3: The Human Resources Department
+
+- Management of employees
+- What is the most important asset of any business?
+
+### 13.4: The Marketing Department
+
+- Promotion of a business' products
+- The Four P's of Marketing - E. Jerome McCarthy
+  - Products
+  - Pricing
+  - Promotion
+  - Placement
+
+### 13.5: The Research & Development Department
+
+- If a business isn't growing, it's dying
+- Creative and systematic approach
+  - AKA Brainstorming
+- Is this idea feasible?
+
+### 13.6: The Production Department
+
+- The makers of the business
+- Tangible vs. Intangible
+
+### 13.7: Information System Collaboration
+
+- Electronic Computing Tols
+  - Discussion Boards
+  - Instant Messaging
+  - Texting
+- Video Conferencing Software
+  - Webinar
+- Project Management Software
+  - Microsoft Project
+  - Gantt Chart
+  - System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
+  - Unified Modeling Language (UML)
+- Knowledge Management Systems
+- Online Application Software
+
+
+
+
+

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 14
+
+## Chapter 14: More SQL Statement
+
+### 14.1: Statement Review
+
+- `SELECT`: What **fields** (column) you want
+  - `fieldname`: If the name is used in only one table
+- `FROM`: What table or tables contain the fields
+- `ORDER BY`: Sorting
+- `DISTINCT`: Use after `SELECT` when you only want to show each vale of the selected field(s) once
+- `LIMIT`: Use when you want to limit the number of records produced
+
+### 14.2: New SQL Statements
+
+- `WHERE`: Applies conditions, filters
+
+  - `WHERE` clause conditions follow a pattern: field + comparison operator + value
+
+  - ```sql
+    WHERE crime.iucr_no = 420
+    ```
+
+- Comparison Operators:
+
+  - `>` : Returns all records larger than the specified value
+  - `>=`: Returns all records that are at least as large as the specified value (including the value)
+  - `<` : Returns all records smaller than the specified value
+  - `<=`: Returns all records that are at least as small as the specified value (including the value)
+  - `=` : Returns all records that are exactly equal to the specified value
+  - `<>`: Returns all records that are not equal to the specified value
+
+- `NULL`: An empty value
+
+- `NOT`: Can be used to create a condition that reverses the logic of any condition
+
+  - Similar logic to the `NOT` function in Excel
+
+- `AND`: Both conditions must be met for row to be included in query
+
+- `OR`: Used to combine criteria when we want our results to mach any criteria
+
+- `BETWEEN`: Shorthand way to include values in a range
+
+- `IN`: Shorthand way to include values in a range
+
+- `LIKE`: Use this statement when you aren't sure of the values in a record
+
+- `%`:  any combination of characters
+
+  - `%Keyword`: ends with keyword
+  - `%Keyword%`: looks for %keyword% anywhere in the record
+  - `Keyword%`: starts with keyword
+
+- `-` substitutes for any single character
+
+  - '`t_p`' would return '`tip`', '`tap`', or '`top`''; but not '`stop`'
+
+  - '`p_st`" would return '`past`"', but not '`paste`'
+
+  - `'h__s_n'` would return '`hanson`', 'hensen', or '`hansen`'; but not '`harrison`' (note that '`h%s_n`' would return '`harrison`')
+
+### 14.3: Rules to Remember
+
+- To combine `AND` and `OR` statements, you must follow the order of operations (`AND` 1st, `OR` 2nd)
+  - If `OR` must be first, use `()`
+- All words must be in between `('_')`, `("_")`
+  - If your value contains a quotation, use double quotation or a `/`
+  - All `#s` is left as-is
+

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l15-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 15
+
+## Chapter 15: Business System Reporting
+
+> **Final months schedule**
+>
+> - Today 4/9: Chapter 15/16
+> - Thursday 4/11: Final SQL Assessment
+> - Tuesday 4/16; Final Lecture and Final Exam Review
+> - Thursday 4/18: MKT
+> - 4/23 & 4/26: Zoom Office Hours
+> - Final Exam: 4/25 - 4/26
+> - Final day to complete all missing assignments: 4/28
+
+### 15.1: Business System Reporting
+
+- Defined as informaitonal output from an information system to facilitate decision-making.
+- Report are periodic in nature
+  - Daily, weekly, monthly, etc
+  - Demand / Ad Hoc Reports
+- Strategic vs. Tactical decisions
+- Three main aspects of reporting:
+  - Reporting summarization levels
+  - Analysis and predictive reporting
+  - Management Level Reporting
+- Reporting Summarization Levels: The level of detail or summarization in the report
+- Transaction Processing System (TPS)
+  - Uses databases to store data
+  - Groundwork for all other reports
+  - Highest level of detail
+- Analysis and Predictive Reporting
+  - Use TPS as a foundation
+  - Trend reporting
+  - Graphical repors
+  - Budget, forecast, and variance reports
+- Management Level reporting
+  - Top-level executive reporting
+  - Management reporting
+  - Supervisory reporting
+
+# 

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l16-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 16
+
+## Chapter 16: Information Technology Careers
+
+### 16.1: IT Careers Intro
+
+- Information Technology (IT) is everywhere
+- A common axiom for IT professionals is "know the business"
+- **Value-Added**: Refers to the added value of a product or service over the cost of products and services.
+
+### 16.2: Business IT Perception
+
+- IT department are responsible for servicing and enhancing all computing, technical assets, and intellectual property of a business organization
+  - Service IT
+  - IT consulting
+- IT is the glue that holds organizations together
+
+### 16.3: Information Technology Jobs
+
+- **Chief Information Officer (CIO)**: Te board-level head of Information Technology departments
+  - AKA Chief Technology Officer (CTO)
+  - Replaced 'IT Director' title
+  - Highest paid technology position
+- Head Application Developers In charge of software application development teams that develop, design, program and test software applications.
+- **System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)**: A process for creating and altering computer applications through an approach that includes planning, system analysis, design, implementation, and system maintenance
+- **Unified Modeling Language (UML)**: set of graphical notation techniques to create computer models and applications. It could be said that UML is a "blueprint" for developing applications
+  - Application Architects: design different parts of applications
+  - Middleware
+  - Programming Infrastructure
+
+### 16.4: Information Technology Jobs Contd.
+
+- Database Administrators (DBAs): the wizards of databases and data requirements
+- Network Administrators
+- Senior Web Developers
+- Business Intelligence Analyst
+- Information Technology Staff Consultants
+- IT Auditors
+
+> All IT jobs require experience, a degree, or both*
+
+### 16.5: Enterprise Resource Planning Solution
+
+- Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): an overall software solution that attempts to get departments on the same page, allowing them to share information and more easily collaborate with each other
+
+  - Advantages
+
+    - Increase production, collab, & efficiency	
+
+    - Revenue cycles and order tracking more easily available; enhances decision making
+  - Disadvantages
+    - Must re-engineer own processes to fit ERP solutions
+    - Expensive
+    - Must have process for tracking new entries to prevent inaccurate data from entering the database
+    - Difficult to modify
+
+### 16.6: Unified Modeling Language
+
+- Use case scenarios: "Who" can do "what"
+- Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA): Is focused on what a computer system does
+- Object Oriented Design (OOD): Focused on how a computer system what it does
+- Sequence Diagrams: Illustrations that sow how computer processes related and interact with each other and in what order.
+
+
+### 16.7: System Development Methodologies
+
+- System Development Life Cycle
+  - Initiation
+  - Concept Development
+  - Planing
+  - Requirements
+  - Design
+  - Development
+  - Testing
+  - Implementation
+- Rapid Application Development (RAD)
+  - Develope as you go
+- Software Prototyping
+  - Prototypes AKA vaporware

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l17-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 17
+
+## Chapter 17: SQL Clauses: `JOIN` Query
+
+### 17.1: `JOIN` & `ON` Clauses
+
+- `JOIN`: Join tables together to connect multiple fields into 1 query.
+- `ON`: Linking the primary and foreign key
+- Linking formula: `FROM table1 + JOIN table2 ON table1.primarykey = table2.foreignkey`
+
+```sql
+SELECT first_name, last_name, link_to_major, major_id, major_name
+	FROM member
+	JOIN major
+		ON member. link_to_major = major.major_id
+```
+
+### 17.2: SQL Statements: Primary vs. Foreign Keys
+
+- Primary key: A field on a database table that uniquely identifies each row of the table.
+- Foreign key: is used to combine the rows from one table wit the rows of another table.
+
+### 17.3: SQL Statement: Date & Time Formatting
+
+- The common conventional format of SQL date & time searching is as followed, in form of `YEAR-MONTH-DATT12:00:00`
+
+  - ```sql
+    '2022-04-17T12:00:00'
+    ```
+

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l18-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 18
+
+## Chapter 18: Databases
+
+> Housekeeping:
+>
+> - Zoom Office Hours: Tuesday April 23rd and 25th, **no class starting today.**
+
+### 18.1: Datase Overview
+
+- Column = Field
+  - AKA attributes
+- Tables hold database data
+- DBMS
+- Oracle
+
+### 18.2: Database Structure
+
+- Entity Relationship Modeling (ERM): a database-modeling method used to construct a theoretical and conceptual representation of data to produce a schema.
+  - Tables
+  - Reports
+  - Queries
+  - Forms
+- DBAs still need to know the business.
+
+### 18.3: Business Database Advantages
+
+- Data Validation
+- No Errors + No Repeats = Data Integrity
+- GIGO: Garbage-in-Garbage-Out
+
+### 18.4: Structured Query language
+
+- Most widely used query language
+- SQL Clauses for updating fields:
+  - `APPEND`
+  - `DELETE`
+  - `UPDTE`
+
+
+

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l2-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 2
+
+## Chapter 2: Application Software
+
+-   An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself.
+
+### 2.1: Word Processing Software
+
+-   For creating, updating and editing documents
+-   Can create a Table of Contents
+-   Saved to secondary memory
+-   Often underestimated
+-   **Microsoft Word**: Most popular word processor in the world
+-   **Adobe Acrobat**: Most portable document format (pdf)
+    -   Platform Neutral
+-   Corel WordPerfect: most dominant in early 80s (still used in some industries like law)
+    -   Created and Brigham Young university
+
+### 2.2: Spreadsheets
+
+**Microsoft Excel**: Most popular spreadsheet application (provides **"what-if"** analysis)
+
+-   Interface of information in a grid form
+-   Separated by **columns** and **rows**
+    -   Intersection of both called a cell
+-   Often for financial calculations
+-   Supports graphing
+-   Replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as industry standard in 1993
+
+### 2.3: Database Software
+
+Database: **The heavy-lifting application**
+
+-   Well thought out collection of files
+-   Consists of **records** (**rows**)
+-   Separated by **fields** (**columns**)
+-   Can be queried
+-   Often called a Database Management System or simply referred as **DBMS**
+-   One-to-many relationship
+
+### 2.4: Presentation Software
+
+-   Displays information
+-   Often a slide show and on-screen
+-   Easy to build
+-   Popularized by Business Intelligence
+-   Allows users to:
+    -   Edit, update, insert, and delete text
+    -   Include graphics, video, and hypertext
+
+### 2.5: Browser Software
+
+-   User interface **software** that allows the user to display web pages found on the World Wide Web
+-   Browsers display **hyperlinks** that are clickable navigation elements
+-   Microsoft Edge, Google Chroe, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple's Safari
+-   The first browser was called **WorldWideWeb** (no spaces)
+-   **Sir Tim Berners-Lee** was the inventor of the first web browser
+
+### 2.6: Networks
+
+-   A computer network is **two or more computers connected together** for resource sharing and communication.
+-   Resources: Computer files, folder, software
+-   **Peripheral hardware**: Printers, scanners, webcam, etc.
+
+The advantages of a computer network over a stand-alone computer are so significant that business cannot compete effectively in the marketplace without a network of some kind, even if the business is a sole proprietorship.

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l3-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3
+
+## Chapter 3: Computer Hardware
+
+### 3.1: Technical Terminologies
+
+-   **System Unit**: Main body of the computer that contains a motherboard.
+-   **Motherboard** (AKA Circuit Board): Main component of a system unit; a compleex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with each other.
+    -   PC: Motherboards, Mac; Logic Boards
+-   **Chassis** (AKA Case or Box): Case to enclose the main components of a computer
+-   **Microprocessor**: The brains of the computer
+    -   **Central processing unit (CPU)**: Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations.
+
+### 3.2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
+
+-   Speed is directly, but not solely, related to the CPU
+-   Measured in Clock Rate
+    -   The number of cycles per second, that a computer can perform its most basic task
+-   RSIC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Many chips encased into one chip
+-   Bus Lines; Pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer.
+
+| Architecture Diagram of CPU                                                                                                      | Actual CPU Image                                                                                               |
+| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| ![Architecture of the central processing unit (CPU) - Computer ...](https://computersciencewiki.org/images/1/1a/Cpu_diagram.png) | ![What Is a CPU? a Guide to Your Computer's 'Brain'](https://i.insider.com/60402d8eb46d720018b04c1f?width=700) |
+
+### 3.3 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
+
+-   Supplies electricity
+-   Converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of **alternating current (AC)** to a lower voltage direct current (DC) that can be used by the internal components of the system unit
+-   Different currents used in different parts of the world.
+
+### 3.4: Primary and Secondary Storage
+
+-   **Primary**: The workbench
+    -   Random Access Memory (RAM): Primary storage
+-   **Secondary**: The storage for all your tools and supplies
+    -   Hard Drive: Secondary storage
+-   ROM Chips (Read-Only Memory): Preprogrammed chips that serve specialized internal tasks. No human intervention
+    -   AKA Firmware
+
+#### 3.4.1: Secondary Storage Contd.
+
+-   Internal vs. External Storage
+-   Hard Drivers vs. Solid State Drivers (SSDs)
+-   Impractical for a computer to be stand-alone
+-   Important to consider business needs
+    -   Bad IT can make or break a business
+
+### 3.5: Binary Number System
+
+-   Computer only understands one language: Machine code or machine language
+
+-   1 or 0 (on or off)
+
+-   1s or 0s are referred to as bits (short for binary digits)
+
+-   8 bits become a byte
+
+    -   Byte 8 bits
+    -   Kilob
+
+-   American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The coding scheme that most microcomputer use to represent bytes.
+
+    -   | Name      | Equal To          | Size (In Bytes)                           |
+        | --------- | ----------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
+        | Bit       | 1 Bit             | 1/8                                       |
+        | Nibble    | 4 Bits            | 1/2 (rare)                                |
+        | Byte      | 8 Bits            | 1                                         |
+        | Kilobyte  | 1024 Bytes        | 1024                                      |
+        | Megabyte  | 1, 024 Kilobytes  | 1, 048, 576                               |
+        | Gigabyte  | 1, 024 Megabytes  | 1, 073, 741, 824                          |
+        | Terrabyte | 1, 024 Gigabytes  | 1, 099, 511, 627, 776                     |
+        | Petabyte  | 1, 024 Terabytes  | 1, 125, 899, 906, 842, 624                |
+        | Exabyte   | 1, 024 Petabytes  | 1, 152, 921, 504, 606, 846, 976           |
+        | Zettabyte | 1, 024 Exabytes   | 1, 180, 591, 620, 717, 411, 303, 424      |
+        | Yottabyte | 1, 024 Zettabytes | 1, 208, 925, 819, 614, 629, 174, 706, 176 |
+
+### 3.6: Peripheral Devices
+
+-   Input v. Output
+-   Input device: keywords, mice, touchpad, stylus, speakers, microphone, digital camera, etc/
+-   Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Converting printed text to digital text
+-   Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): An input mechanism that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product's information transmitted through radio waves.
+
+### 3.7: Output Devices Contd.
+
+-   Monitor: A series of transistors that translate machine code into text and images./
+-   Pixels: A single dot on a graphic or text image
+-   Resolution: The number of pixels inside a defined dimension on a monitor, commonly referred to as **dots per inch (dpi).**
+    -   Resolution is the most important feature of a monitor.

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 4
+
+## Chapter 4: Formulas and Functions
+
+### 4.1: References and Calculations
+
+-   Calculations
+    -   **Add (`+`), Subtract (`-`), Multiply (`*`), Divide (`/`)**
+    -   Add: `A1+A2`
+    -   Subtract: `A1-A2`
+    -   Multiply: `A1*A2`
+    -   Divide: `A1/A2`
+-   **Always end typing by pressing <kbd>Enter</kbd>**
+-   Al formulas start with an equals (`=`) sign
+
+### 4.2: References and Calculations
+
+-   References: When we perform calculations in Excel, we often reference the value stored in other cells in our worksheet
+-   Three ays to reference a cell:
+    -   Relative reference - `A1`
+    -   Mixed reference - `$A1` or `A$1`
+    -   Absolute reference - `$A$1`
+-   **Relative Reference**: An address or pointer that changes when the target item is moved or the relationship to it has changed.
+    -   **RELATIVE REFERENCE IS THE DEFALT REFERENCE IN EXCEL**.
+    -   The reference changes when the formula is copied elsewhere.
+    -   Excel sees the location of the cells relative to the location of the formula.
+    -   Click <kbd>Fn</kbd> + <kbd>F4</kbd> as hotkeys to construct value as relative value
+-   **Absolute Reference**: Will make either the row or column "constant" in other words, the ABSOLUTE cell location is LOCKED
+
+    -   To create an absolute cell reference, put a dollar sign ``$` symbol in front of the part of the reference that you want to remain constant.
+
+-   | Reference | Comments                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+    | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+    | `A1`      | Both the column and row references are "relative" and will change when the reference is copied and pasted to other cell.                                                                                                  |
+    | `$A1`     | The column reference is "**absolute**" and will remain constant when copied and pasted to other cells. The row reference is "relative" and will change when copied and pasted to cells in other rows of the worksheet     |
+    | `A$1`     | The column reference is "relative" and will change when copied and pasted to cells in other columns in the worksheet. The row reference is "**absolute**" and will remain constant when copied and pasted to other cells. |
+    | `$A$1`    | Both the column and row references are "**absolute**" and will remain constant when the reference is copied and pated to other cells.                                                                                     |
+
+### 4.3: Summary Statistics Functions
+
+-   Formula vs. Function
+    -   Formula: Any calculation in excel
+    -   Function: A pre-defined calculation
+-   To perform calculations in Excel, we often reference the values stored in other cells in our worksheets. **We reference the cell location, not the value in the cell**.
+-   `COUNT(value1, [value2]), ...)`: Counts the number of cells in that contain numbers.
+-   `COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)`: Counts the number of cells in a range of cells that are not blank.
+-   `AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)`: Calculates the simple average of a set of numbers.
+-   `MAX(number1, [number2], ...)`: Returns the largest value in a set of numbers.
+-   `MIN(number1, [number2], ...)`: Returns the smallest value in a set of numbers.
+
+### 4.4: Financial Function
+
+-   `RATE(nper, pmt, pv, [fv], [type], [guess])` : calculates the interest rate earned for an investment given the number of payments made as part of the investment, the payment amount, and the current value of the investment.
+-   `EFFECT(nominal _rate, pery)`: calculates the annual percentage rate for an interest rate given the
+    number of times per year that interest is charged.
+-   `NPER(rate, pmt, pv, [fv], [type])`: calculates the number of payments that will be made to pay off a loan given the interest rate, payment amount, and original loan amount.
+-   `PMT(rate, per, pv, [fv], [type])`: calculates the payment amount for a loan given the interest rate, number of payments to be made to pay off the loan, and the original loan amount.
+-   `PV(rate, per, pmt, [fv], (type))`: calculates the current value (accounting for compounding interest) of an investment given the interest rate, number of payments to be made, and the amount of the payment.
+-   `FV(rate, per, pmt, [pv], [type])`: calculates the future value of an investment given the interest rate, number of payments to be made, and the amount of the payment.

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 5
+
+## Chapter 5: Operating System
+
+### 5.1: Operating System Fundamentals
+
+-   1980: Bill Gates and Paul Allen leased IBM a Personal Computer (PC) called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) for a one-time fee of $\$50,000$.
+    -   Gates Kept the copyright for MS-DOS
+-   1984: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Mac OS
+    -   Advertised on "More user-friendly"
+
+### 5.2: Understanding Operating Systems
+
+-   System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)
+-   Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
+    -   Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux
+-   **Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system**.
+
+### 5.3: Memory Management
+
+-   **Operating system coordinate**: Computers memory
+
+    -   **Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory**
+    -   **Disk Storage**
+
+-   **CPU Cache**: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory
+
+    -   Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.
+
+-   **Random Access Memory (RAM)**: Volatile memory
+
+-   Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory
+
+    -   > **volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off**.
+
+### 5.4: Memory Management Contd.
+
+-   Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs
+    -   Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.
+-   Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage.
+    -   The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.
+
+### 5.5: Disk Management
+
+-   OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible
+    -   Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)
+-   Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive
+    -   Note required for SSD
+-   Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
+    -   Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures
+    -   Cons: more prone to damage
+-   Solid State Drives (SSD)
+    -   Pros: N moving parts, more reliable
+    -   Cons: More expensive.
+
+### 5.6: File Management
+
+-   File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders
+    -   Can be compared to a physical storage
+
+### 5.7: Networks
+
+-   Network: 2 or more computers connected together
+-   Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another
+    -   Transfers info by breaking up files into packates
+-   The internet is the world's largest network
+
+### 5.8: Device Drivers
+
+-   Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices
+-   Modern OS have plug-and-play capability
+-   1996: USB developed and considered industry standard
+
+### 5.9: embedded Operating Systems
+
+-   Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing
+    -   Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices
+    -   Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases
+    -   Embedded OS used on most cell pones
+        -   Google, Android, and iPhone
+
+### 5.10: Mac or PC?
+
+-   The answer is baed on the needs of the business
+-   Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?
+
+### 5.11: Major Operating Systems
+
+-   Microsoft Windows: Windows 10
+    -   Windows 11 available for download
+-   Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS)
+    -   Version 14: Sonoma
+-   Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely
+    -   Created by **Linux Torvalds**
+-   UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.
+
+### 5.12: Open-Source OS
+
+-   Proprietary software vs. open-source
+    -   Why doesn't everyone use open-source
+-   Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 6 Pt. 1
+
+## Chapter 6: System Software
+
+### 6.1: System Software Overview
+
+System Software:
+
+-   Enables the Operating System
+-   Controls memory, input and output, and manages filing system
+-   Runs essential processes automatically
+-   Controls the physical hardware so that applications software can work
+-   If your computer is running, your system software is working
+
+### 6.2: Starting the Computer
+
+What happens when you press the power button:
+
+-   System searches for Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
+-   Firmware, locates computer hardware
+-   SS loads the platform (OS) into the computer’s memory: Booting
+-   Powering up the computer for the first time: Cold Boot
+-   Restarting a computer: Warm Boot
+-   Computer will ask for login and load your profile
+-   Preferences, themes, styles, and types of resources set up by the user
+-   Registry loads settings made by the user
+-   Screen savers, appearance, and personalizations
+
+### 6.3: Administering Application Software
+
+-   When a user clicks on an application, the application info moves from the hard drive to RAM (Random Access Memory)
+-   SS and OS make sure application software works correctly
+
+### 6.4: Memory Management
+
+-   Computer memory allocation can be compared to a farmer allocating water for crops
+-   Virtual memory: The technique of breaking large files down from the hard drive into smaller, more manageable files that fit in RAM
+-   Smaller files called Pages
+-   If the pages exceed RAM storage, OS will store temporary copies of pages to hard drive
+-   Swap Files: When pages exceed RAM storage, OS swaps pages between hard drive and RAM
+    Ask yourself: Does your business need new computers or new computer parts?
+-   New computer: $800-1500
+-   Upgraded RAM: $50-$200
+-   Upgraded Hard Drive:$40-$100
+
+### 6.5: Interfacing and Utilities
+
+SS in the form of an OS must serve as a translator for both the computer and end user
+
+-   Monitor: displays and renders output an end user can understand
+-   GUI
+-   Icon: A small pictogram on the desktop that a user clicks with a mouse
+-   Window: A GUI unto its own
+-   Device Drivers: allow input and output devices to operate properly
+-   The background displayed on the monitor is considered the desktop environment, or "desktop" for short
+-   Active Window: the window that the user is currently using
+
+### 6.6: File Management Systems
+
+Based on a hierarchy of folders that contain computer files. File management systems are searchable and provide information on files:
+
+-   File Name
+-   File Creation Date
+-   File Modification Date
+-   Location of the file
+-   Who created or modified a file
+-   File size
+-   In business, it is important to establish your file management system early
+
+### 6.7: System Software Utilities
+
+-   Tracks: concentric circular bands
+-   Sectors: Tracks that are separated into wedges
+-   Defragmentation: Organizes + and – charges to the innermost tracks of the disk to reduce the amount of time it takes the R/W arm to find the info
+
+### 6.8: Antivirus Utilities
+
+Antivirus Utilities: System software that identifies known viruses to block them from entering and infecting a computer system
+
+-   Utilizes a database of known viruses to cross reference against each incoming file
+-   Subscription service: Norton Antivirus and McAfee VirusScan
+
+### 6.9: System Updates
+
+-   To compensate for OS inadequacies, OS offer a system software utility called system update
+-   Patches sent from Microsoft (or Mac) via the Internet to a user’s computer

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 6 Pt. 2
+
+## Chapter 6: Logical Functions
+
+### 6.1: New Functions
+
+-   `AND`: Checks whether all arguments are `TRUE`, and returns `TRUE` if all arguments are `TRUE`.
+-   `OR`: Checks whether any of the arguments are `TRUE`, and returns `TRUE` or `FALSE`.
+-   `NOT`: Changes `TRUE` to `FALSE`, or `FALSE` to `TRUE`.
+-   `IF`: Checks whether a condition is met, and returns one value if `TRUE`, and another value if `FALSE`.
+
+    -   Nested `IF`: Using multiple `IF` statements in one functions to account for multiple conditions.
+
+-   `VLOOKUP`: Looks for a value in a table or a range veryically
+    -   `VLOOKUP` What you want to look up, where you want to look for it, the column number in the range containing the value to return, return an approximate or exact match: Indicates as `1/TRUE`, or `0/FALSE`.
+-   `HLOOKUP`: Looks for a value in a table or a range horizontally.
+-   `COUNTIF`: Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given condition.
+    -   `=COUNTIF(Where do you want to look? What do you want to look for?)`
+-   `SUMIF`: Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria.
+-   `AVERAGEIF`: s an Excel Statistical function, which calculates the average of a given range of cells by a specific criterion.
+
+### 6.2: Comparison Operators
+
+-   `>`: More than
+-   `<`: Less than
+-   `>=`: More than or equal to
+-   `<=`: Less that or equal to
+
+### 6.3: Reminder
+
+-   **Excel does not recognize tex**
+    -   When searching for keywords, put keyword between `""` delimiters.

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 7
+
+## Chapter 7: Green Business Computing
+
+### 7.1: Green Business Computing
+
+-   Burning fossil fules creates carbon dioxide which builds up and slows the escape of heat into space, called the "greenhouse effect".
+-   **NASA** predicts Earth's surface temperature will increase by 2.5 to 10.4 Fahrenheit by the year 2100. The concern is that human societies and natural ecosystems may not adapt quickly enough.
+-   The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in charge of creating and maintaining climate computer models that are used to predict weather admit they are flawed and unreliable.
+-   Who's right, ASA or NCAR?
+
+### 7.2: Climate Change
+
+-   Whether global warming exists is a discussion that requires critical thoughtfullnesswith a minimum of passion.
+-   It is virtually impossible to not come across terminologies like "green" or challenges, and potential sustainable solutions have gained traction and must be dealt with.
+-   Regardless of differing views, climate change has gained diffusion and acceptance as an acknowledged problem that will drive business for many years to come. Environmental responsibility and global governance is simply the right things to do.
+
+### 7.3: IT Challenges and Opportunities
+
+-   Chief technology officers (in charge of all business computing assets) meed to be concerned with overall energy costs associated with computing systems.
+-   Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
+    -   Started by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2006.
+    -   Managed by the Green Electronics Council (GEC)
+    -   Easy to use online tool
+
+### 7.4: EPEAT Criteria
+
+EPEAT evaluates electronic products relative to 51 environmental criteria, 23 required and 28 optional. Computer manufacturers that meet a certain criteria are awarded a gold, silver, or bronze star allowing the consumer to differentiate products.
+
+-   **Reduction or elimination of environmentally sensitive materials**. Computers contain potentially harmful chemicals like cadmium, mercury, and chromium. EPEAT Encourages manufacturers to reduce or eliminate them altogether.
+
+-   **Materials Selection** informs the consumer of the percentage of recycled plastic and offers a declaration of percentage of renewable/bio-based plastic material content.
+
+-   **Design for End of Life** informs consumers about special handling needs for disposing of their product when it no longer useful.
+
+-   **Product Longevity/Life Cycle Extension** encourages manufacturers to make extended warranties available so their product lasts longer or available to be upgraded.
+
+-   **End of Life Management** asks manufacturers to take their product back at the end of the product’s life, at no cost to the consumer.
+
+-   **Corporate Performance** means a manufacturer demonstrates a sound corporate environmental policy throughout their business.
+
+-   **Packaging** criteria requires manufacturers to reduce or eliminate intentionally added toxins in packaging.
+
+-   **Energy Conservation** asks manufacturers to adopt the government’s Energy Star® specifications.
+
+EPEAT criteria seems difficult and expensive for a gold star, so why would manufacturers be willing to comply? Had you ever heard of EPEAT? Did you base your last computer purchase on EPEAT criteria? If you were aware of EPEAT, would you pay more just to be green? What if your business pays significantly more for EPEAT computers and your competitor doesn’t, did they get an edge?
+
+### 7.5: **Energy Star® Specifications**
+
+-   Started in 1772 as a voluntary labeling program to identify and promote energy efficient products.
+
+-   Energy Star® claims that if every computer in the United States met Energy Star® requirements, the savings in energy costs alone will grow to about $2 billion each year and greenhouse gas emissions would be reduced by the the equivalent of that from 2 million cars.
+
+-   In many instances, Energy Star® computers are more expensive to purchase but are far more efficient and cost effective in the long run
+
+### 7.6: The Green PC
+
+A Green PC is a personal computer that is environmentally friendly and includes the following:
+
+-   Energy-efficient power supplies
+
+-   Includes processors that consume minimum amounts of electricity
+
+-   Attempt to do away with or minimize environmentally harmful components
+
+-   Makes use of aluminum or plastic parts from recycled materials
+
+The most important factor in a Green PC is energy efficiency
+
+### 7.7: **Modes**
+
+-   **Active Use**: The computer is on and being use
+
+-   **Sleep Mode**: Low power after a designated period of time
+
+-   **Standby Mode** (Off): Turns off after designated period of time
+
+### 7.8: Green Business Computing Plan
+
+Based on the idea that businesses can be environmentally friendly, more profitable, and socially responsible.
+
+-   Organizational policies and procedures
+
+-   Best Practice considerations
+
+-   Long term, sustainable considerations
+
+-   Reduction of power usage and paper consumption
+
+-   Recycling policies and procedures
+
+-   Used computer software and hardware disposal
+
+-   EPEAT and Energy Star® compliance
+
+-   Green PC purchasing recommendations

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 8
+
+## Chapter 8: Computer Networks
+
+### 8.1: Computer Networks
+
+-   Two or more computers connected together to share resources like:
+-   Folders and files
+-   Software
+-   Hardware
+-   Scanners, Printers, Webcams, etc.
+    Consider a network made up of three computers (Clients) connected to one computer called a Server. The server is connected to a printer and a scanner (peripheral devices) enabling all three clients to use them. Any device connected to a network is called a node.
+
+### 8.2: Building a Computer Network
+
+All networks require four basic components
+
+1. Network Interface Controller Card (NIC): Plugged into the motherboard to interface and connect with other computers.
+2. Protocol: TCP/IP controls how data and information is shared between computers.
+3. Cables: Cables connect servers to clients which can sometimes be replaced through wireless connections.
+4. Hub: Typically, the central location of a network (server) that serves to run the network smoothly
+
+### 8.3: Network Protocols
+
+Provides a common language and rules for communication between computers. A protocol is a convention or standard that controls or allows communication and data transfer between two computers.
+
+-   Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): When sending a file from one computer to another, the file is broken down into smaller files called “packets”. The packets arrive at the receiving computer and must be reassembled correctly to guarantee the receiving computer gets a file that will work (not corrupted).
+-   User Datagram Packets: Break large files into packets, but unlike TCP/IP, allows a user to use the incoming file.
+
+### 8.4: Network Operating Systems
+
+A Network Operating System (NOS) is similar to a stand-alone platform but responsible for much more:
+
+-   Automatic hardware detection. The NOS recognizes it when it becomes part of the network.
+-   Supports multi-processing which allows several processes to occur at one time.
+-   Recognizes who is using the network.
+-   Provides security
+
+### 8.5: Network Administrator
+
+-   Responsible for smooth network operations
+-   Network performance
+-   Implementation of new nodes and users
+-   Strong business background
+
+### 8.6: Network Topology
+
+Refers to the mapping of a physical network and logical interconnections between nodes. Basically, the way a network is arranged and laid out.
+
+-   Bus Topology: Sometimes called a linear bus topology where the network’s nodes are connected to a common linear backbone with tw endpoints. If the backbone fails, the whole network fails.
+-   Star Topology: One central server in which clients connect in a spoke- like fashion, or star. If the server fails, the network fails. (Most common topology)
+-   Ring Topology: Data is transferred between computers in a circular manner.
+
+### 8.7: Types of Computer Networks
+
+-   Local Area Network (LAN): A small network typically confined by a single building. Often used by smaller businesses.
+-   Campus Area Network (CAN): Connects two or more LANs which are located on universities or large businesses.
+-   Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A computer network that connects CANs and LANs into a larger network like a city.
+-   Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects LANs, CANs, and MANs and can cover an entire country
+-   Peer to Peer (P2P): Generally, connect computers to each other.
+-   Internet: The world’s largest network interconnecting public, private, commercial, and governmental networks. Network Security Starts with a solid understanding of network threats. Network administrators must adopt policies which define rules for network access.
+-   Passwords: A secret word or combination of keyboard characters typed in by the user to authenticate their identity to a network and gain appropriate access.
+-   Strong Passwords: Same as passwords, but requires a user to use upper case characters, lower case characters, numbers, and special characters.
+-   Passphrase: Same as a Strong Password, but a phrase that is memorable.
+
+### 8.8: Network Security
+
+-   Web Browsing on a Network: Part of network security includes policies and procedures regarding employee’s web browsing. Should a business let employees browse on the Web?
+-   Email / Instant Messaging: On a business network, consider that all email and instant message is recorded and saved, therefore, policies and procedures must be in place regarding appropriate usage.
+-   Permissions: Network access is called “permissions”, which grants and denies access to a network depending on the user.
+-   Firewall: Hardware and software on a proxy server that determines who is allowed on a network, and who is not.
+
+### 8.9: Green Business Computing Plan
+
+Based on the idea that businesses can be environmentally friendly, more profitable, and socially responsible.
+
+-   Organizational policies and procedures
+-   Best Practice considerations
+-   Long term, sustainable considerations
+-   Reduction of power usage and paper consumption
+-   Recycling policies and procedures
+-   Used computer software and hardware disposal
+-   EPEAT and Energy Star® compliance
+-   Green PC purchasing recommendations

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note.md

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 9
+
+## Chapter 9: Internet
+
+### 9.1: Internet History
+
+-   1969: University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) created the Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET)
+-   1989: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) / World Wide Web (WWW)
+-   1993: Hypertext Markup Langauge (HTML)
+
+### 9.2: Internet and WWW Structure
+
+-   he internet is a network called the Client/Server Model
+-   The browser application software interprets HTML and HTTP to create web pages
+-   Everything on the internet lives somewhere physically; the trick is using computer addresses to send info from one place to another
+
+### 9.3: Internet Addresses
+
+-   Internet Protocol Address (IP): An address system used to identify and communicate through the network
+-   Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)
+    -   `https://asu.edu`
+    -   `https`: refers to standard protocol
+    -   `www`: refers to the world wide web
+    -   `Canvas.asu`: domain name
+    -   `.edu`: a top-level domain code or extension
+
+### 9.4/9.5: Websites/Browsers
+
+-   Website: A collection of web pages on a server that exists on the web that can be requested by a client and displayed with a browser
+-   Hyperlink: Clickable navigation element
+-   Browser: An application software that provides an interface for the WWW
+-   Aspects of a good website:
+    -   Content
+    -   Interactivity
+    -   Design
+
+### 9.6: Browser Features
+
+-   Common Browser Features
+    -   Bookmarks: AKA favorites
+    -   Caching: Just like a CPU cache on the internet
+    -   Cookies: Text files used to track info about users
+    -   Graphics File (GIF, JPEG): Images and videos
+    -   Javascript: A programming language
+        -   Used to make websites dynamics; Ex: Countdown timer
+-   Browser Considerations:
+    -   Security
+    -   Popup Blockers
+    -   Usability
+
+### 9.7: Internet Service Providers (ISP)
+
+-   Connectivity: When one computer connects to another and shares info & resources
+-   Internet Service Providers (ISP)
+    -   Dial-up & Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
+    -   Broadband Internet Access
+    -   Web Hosting
+
+### 9.8: Search Engines
+
+-   Search engine: A website that lets a user type in specific key words or phrases and then return a list of hyperlinks that best match the search criteria
+    -   Google, Bing, Yahoo
+    -   Directory searches
+    -   Metasearch Engines
+        -   Ex: Dogpile
+
+### 9.9: E-Commerce
+
+-   Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce): The distribution, buying, selling, advertising, and marketing of goods and services over the web
+    -   Business-to-Business (B2B)
+    -   Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
+    -   Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
+-   The rules of business still apply to online environments
+
+### 9.10: Security
+
+-   Malware: Software designed to damage a computer's system without the owner's knowledge
+    -   Virus
+    -   Worms
+    -   Trojan Horse
+    -   Spyware
+    -   Adware
+
+### 9.11/9.12: Email/Email Security
+
+-   Email: "A store and forward" system of composing, sending, storing, and receiving message over electronic communication systems.
+-   Never send an email you wouldn't be willing to say in public
+-   Phishing: An email that looks official but is malicious in nature
+-   Spam: Unwanted mail

docs/development/installing-npm-package-behind-proxy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Installing NPM Packages Behind Proxy
+
+On a recent assignment, I needed to install npm behind a corporate proxy. I had already set the environment variables `HTTP_PROXY` and `HTTPS_PROXY`. Other command line utilities, like ruby gems, recognized these environment variables. Npm did not.
+
+After some googling, I found the following way to configure the proxy for npm.
+
+```bash
+# npm
+npm config set proxy <http://127.0.0.1:7890>
+npm config set https-proxy <http://127.0.0.1:7890>
+
+# yarn
+yarn config set proxy <http://127.0.0.1:7890>
+yarn config set https-proxy <http://127.0.0.1:7890>
+```
+
+If you need to specify credentials, they can be passed in the url using the following syntax.
+
+```
+[<http://user_name:password@proxy.company.com:8080>](<http://user_name:password@proxy.company.com:8080/>)
+```
+
+Further exploration of the [npm config documentation](https://npmjs.org/doc/config.html) showed that the `npm config set` command sets the proxy configuration in your `.npmrc` file. You can also set the proxy configuration as a command line argument or environment variable.
+
+Configuration parameters can be specified using `--` when executing npm. So the proxy could also be specified as follows.
+
+```bash
+npm --https-proxy=http://proxy.company.com:8080 -g install karma
+```
+
+To pass configurattion parameters to npm as environment variables, they must be prefixed with `npm_config_`. The proxy configuration could be set with environment variables as follows.
+
+```bash
+export npm_config_proxy <http://proxy.company.com:8080>
+export npm_config_https_proxy <http://proxy.company.com:8080>
+```

docs/development/proxy4shell-terminal.md

@@ -68,11 +68,11 @@ $ vim ~/.zshrc
 # session proxy switch shortcut
 function proxy_on() {
     export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
-    export https_proxy=\$http_proxy
+    export https_proxy=$http_proxy
     echo -e "global proxy for the current terminal session has turned on"
 }
 
-function proxy_off(){
+function proxy_off() {
     unset http_proxy https_proxy
     echo -e "global proxy for the current terminal session has turned off"
 }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ cat >> ~/.zshrc << EOF
 # session proxy switch shortcut
 function proxy_on() {
     export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
-    export https_proxy=\$http_proxy
+    export https_proxy=$http_proxy
     echo -e "global proxy for the current terminal session has turned on"
 }