doc(cis105): add lecture note for lecture 14 on sql statements & add its affiliated sidebar hyperlink components for quick accesses

docs/.vitepress/config/sidebar.ts

@@ -225,6 +225,10 @@ export const sidebar: DefaultTheme.Config['sidebar'] = {
                 {
                     text: 'Lect 13: Information Systems in Business',
                     link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l13-lecture-note',
+                },
+                {
+                    text: 'Lect 14: More SQL Statements',
+                    link: '/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note'
                 }
             ],
         },

docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note.md

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+# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 14
+
+## Chapter 14: More SQL Statement
+
+### 14.1: Statement Review
+
+- `SELECT`: What **fields** (column) you want
+  - `fieldname`: If the name is used in only one table
+- `FROM`: What table or tables contain the fields
+- `ORDER BY`: Sorting
+- `DISTINCT`: Use after `SELECT` when you only want to show each vale of the selected field(s) once
+- `LIMIT`: Use when you want to limit the number of records produced
+
+### 14.2: New SQL Statements
+
+- `WHERE`: Applies conditions, filters
+
+  - `WHERE` clause conditions follow a pattern: field + comparison operator + value
+
+  - ```sql
+    WHERE crime.iucr_no = 420
+    ```
+
+- Comparison Operators:
+
+  - `>` : Returns all records larger than the specified value
+  - `>=`: Returns all records that are at least as large as the specified value (including the value)
+  - `<` : Returns all records smaller than the specified value
+  - `<=`: Returns all records that are at least as small as the specified value (including the value)
+  - `=` : Returns all records that are exactly equal to the specified value
+  - `<>`: Returns all records that are not equal to the specified value
+
+- `NULL`: An empty value
+
+- `NOT`: Can be used to create a condition that reverses the logic of any condition
+
+  - Similar logic to the `NOT` function in Excel
+
+- `AND`: Both conditions must be met for row to be included in query
+
+- `OR`: Used to combine criteria when we want our results to mach any criteria
+
+- `BETWEEN`: Shorthand way to include values in a range
+
+- `IN`: Shorthand way to include values in a range
+
+- `LIKE`: Use this statement when you aren't sure of the values in a record
+
+- `%`:  any combination of characters
+
+  - `%Keyword`: ends with keyword
+  - `%Keyword%`: looks for %keyword% anywhere in the record
+  - `Keyword%`: starts with keyword
+
+- `-` substitutes for any single character
+
+  - '`t_p`' would return '`tip`', '`tap`', or '`top`''; but not '`stop`'
+
+  - '`p_st`" would return '`past`"', but not '`paste`'
+
+  - `'h__s_n'` would return '`hanson`', 'hensen', or 'hansen'; but not 'harrison' (note that
+
+'h%s_n' would return 'harrison'
+
+### 14.3: Rules to Remember
+
+- To combine `AND` and `OR` statements, you must follow the order of operations (`AND` 1st, `OR` 2nd)
+  - If `OR` must be first, use `()`
+- All words must be in between `('_')`, `("_")`
+  - If your value contains a quotation, use double quotation or a `/`
+  - All `#s` is left as-is
+