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90 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
90 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3
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## Chapter 3: Computer Hardware
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### 3.1: Technical Terminologies
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- **System Unit**: Main body of the computer that contains a motherboard.
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- **Motherboard** (AKA Circuit Board): Main component of a system unit; a compleex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with each other.
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- PC: Motherboards, Mac; Logic Boards
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- **Chassis** (AKA Case or Box): Case to enclose the main components of a computer
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- **Microprocessor**: The brains of the computer
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- **Central processing unit (CPU)**: Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations.
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### 3.2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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- Speed is directly, but not solely, related to the CPU
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- Measured in Clock Rate
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- The number of cycles per second, that a computer can perform its most basic task
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- RSIC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Many chips encased into one chip
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- Bus Lines; Pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer.
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| Architecture Diagram of CPU | Actual CPU Image |
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| ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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|  |  |
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### 3.3 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
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- Supplies electricity
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- Converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of **alternating current (AC)** to a lower voltage direct current (DC) that can be used by the internal components of the system unit
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- Different currents used in different parts of the world.
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### 3.4: Primary and Secondary Storage
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- **Primary**: The workbench
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- Random Access Memory (RAM): Primary storage
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- **Secondary**: The storage for all your tools and supplies
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- Hard Drive: Secondary storage
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- ROM Chips (Read-Only Memory): Preprogrammed chips that serve specialized internal tasks. No human intervention
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- AKA Firmware
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#### 3.4.1: Secondary Storage Contd.
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- Internal vs. External Storage
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- Hard Drivers vs. Solid State Drivers (SSDs)
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- Impractical for a computer to be stand-alone
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- Important to consider business needs
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- Bad IT can make or break a business
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### 3.5: Binary Number System
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- Computer only understands one language: Machine code or machine language
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- 1 or 0 (on or off)
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- 1s or 0s are referred to as bits (short for binary digits)
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- 8 bits become a byte
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- Byte 8 bits
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- Kilob
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- American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The coding scheme that most microcomputer use to represent bytes.
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- | Name | Equal To | Size (In Bytes) |
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| --------- | ----------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
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| Bit | 1 Bit | 1/8 |
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| Nibble | 4 Bits | 1/2 (rare) |
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| Byte | 8 Bits | 1 |
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| Kilobyte | 1024 Bytes | 1024 |
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| Megabyte | 1, 024 Kilobytes | 1, 048, 576 |
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| Gigabyte | 1, 024 Megabytes | 1, 073, 741, 824 |
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| Terrabyte | 1, 024 Gigabytes | 1, 099, 511, 627, 776 |
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| Petabyte | 1, 024 Terabytes | 1, 125, 899, 906, 842, 624 |
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| Exabyte | 1, 024 Petabytes | 1, 152, 921, 504, 606, 846, 976 |
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| Zettabyte | 1, 024 Exabytes | 1, 180, 591, 620, 717, 411, 303, 424 |
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| Yottabyte | 1, 024 Zettabytes | 1, 208, 925, 819, 614, 629, 174, 706, 176 |
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### 3.6: Peripheral Devices
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- Input v. Output
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- Input device: keywords, mice, touchpad, stylus, speakers, microphone, digital camera, etc/
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- Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Converting printed text to digital text
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- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): An input mechanism that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product's information transmitted through radio waves.
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### 3.7: Output Devices Contd.
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- Monitor: A series of transistors that translate machine code into text and images./
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- Pixels: A single dot on a graphic or text image
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- Resolution: The number of pixels inside a defined dimension on a monitor, commonly referred to as **dots per inch (dpi).**
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- Resolution is the most important feature of a monitor. |