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class="VPSidebar" data-v-f6284a77 data-v-7ab77f34><div class="curtain" data-v-7ab77f34></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-7ab77f34><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-7ab77f34> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="group" data-v-7ab77f34><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-7ab77f34 data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><h2 class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>CIS 105: Computer Applications and Information Technology</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-1b9f5c6f><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-1b9f5c6f><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/index" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Course Overview & Schedule</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l1-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 1: Everything Changes</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l2-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 2: Application Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l3-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 3: Computer Hardware</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 4: Formulas and Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 5: Operating System</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 6 Pt 2: Logical Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 7: Green Business Computing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 8: Green Computer Networks</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 9: Internet</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 10: Business Websites</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 11: Computer Security</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" 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style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _academic_cis105_cis105-l3-lecture-note" data-v-39e6c32d><div><h1 id="cis105-computer-applications-information-systems-lect-3" tabindex="-1">CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cis105-computer-applications-information-systems-lect-3" aria-label="Permalink to "CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3""></a></h1><div><section class="border-b-1 border-[var(--vp-c-divider)] w-full border-b-solid mt-[24px] pb-[12px] flex gap-[12px] mb-[12px] flex-wrap max-w-[85%]"><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 1 8 0a8 8 0 0 1 0 16Zm.847-8.145a2.502 2.502 0 1 0-1.694 0C5.471 8.261 4 9.775 4 11c0 .395.145.995 1 .995h6c.855 0 1-.6 1-.995c0-1.224-1.47-2.74-3.153-3.145Z"></path></svg> Author:<span>Anda Toshiki</span></div><!----><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.903 7.297c0 3.044 2.207 5.118 4.686 5.547a.521.521 0 1 1-.178 1.027C3.5 13.367.861 10.913.861 7.297c0-1.537.699-2.745 1.515-3.663c.585-.658 1.254-1.193 1.792-1.602H2.532a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V2.686l-.001.002c-.572.43-1.27.957-1.875 1.638c-.715.804-1.253 1.776-1.253 2.97Zm11.108.406c0-3.012-2.16-5.073-4.607-5.533a.521.521 0 1 1 .192-1.024c2.874.54 5.457 2.98 5.457 6.557c0 1.537-.699 2.744-1.515 3.663c-.585.658-1.254 1.193-1.792 1.602h1.636a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-3a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v1.845h.002c.571-.432 1.27-.958 1.874-1.64c.715-.803 1.253-1.775 1.253-2.97Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> Updated:<span>2 minutes ago</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.293 0H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4.707A1 1 0 0 0 13.707 4L10 .293A1 1 0 0 0 9.293 0zM9.5 3.5v-2l3 3h-2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1zM5.485 6.879l1.036 4.144l.997-3.655a.5.5 0 0 1 .964 0l.997 3.655l1.036-4.144a.5.5 0 0 1 .97.242l-1.5 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.967.01L8 9.402l-1.018 3.73a.5.5 0 0 1-.967-.01l-1.5-6a.5.5 0 1 1 .97-.242z"></path></svg> Words:<span>582</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 0a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 10 0zm2.5 14.5L9 11V4h2v6l3 3z"></path></svg> Reading:<span>3 min</span></div></section></div><h2 id="chapter-3-computer-hardware" tabindex="-1">Chapter 3: Computer Hardware <a class="header-anchor" href="#chapter-3-computer-hardware" aria-label="Permalink to "Chapter 3: Computer Hardware""></a></h2><h3 id="_3-1-technical-terminologies" tabindex="-1">3.1: Technical Terminologies <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-1-technical-terminologies" aria-label="Permalink to "3.1: Technical Terminologies""></a></h3><ul><li><strong>System Unit</strong>: Main body of the computer that contains a motherboard.</li><li><strong>Motherboard</strong> (AKA Circuit Board): Main component of a system unit; a compleex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with each other. <ul><li>PC: Motherboards, Mac; Logic Boards</li></ul></li><li><strong>Chassis</strong> (AKA Case or Box): Case to enclose the main components of a computer</li><li><strong>Microprocessor</strong>: The brains of the computer <ul><li><strong>Central processing unit (CPU)</strong>: Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_3-2-central-processing-unit-cpu" tabindex="-1">3.2: Central Processing Unit (CPU) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-2-central-processing-unit-cpu" aria-label="Permalink to "3.2: Central Processing Unit (CPU)""></a></h3><ul><li>Speed is directly, but not solely, related to the CPU</li><li>Measured in Clock Rate <ul><li>The number of cycles per second, that a computer can perform its most basic task</li></ul></li><li>RSIC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Many chips encased into one chip</li><li>Bus Lines; Pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer.</li></ul><table><thead><tr><th>Architecture Diagram of CPU</th><th>Actual CPU Image</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><img src="https://computersciencewiki.org/images/1/1a/Cpu_diagram.png" alt="Architecture of the central processing unit (CPU) - Computer ..."></td><td><img src="https://i.insider.com/60402d8eb46d720018b04c1f?width=700" alt="What Is a CPU? a Guide to Your Computer's 'Brain'"></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 id="_3-3-power-supply-unit-psu" tabindex="-1">3.3 Power Supply Unit (PSU) <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-3-power-supply-unit-psu" aria-label="Permalink to "3.3 Power Supply Unit (PSU)""></a></h3><ul><li>Supplies electricity</li><li>Converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of <strong>alternating current (AC)</strong> to a lower voltage direct current (DC) that can be used by the internal components of the system unit</li><li>Different currents used in different parts of the world.</li></ul><h3 id="_3-4-primary-and-secondary-storage" tabindex="-1">3.4: Primary and Secondary Storage <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-primary-and-secondary-storage" aria-label="Permalink to "3.4: Primary and Secondary Storage""></a></h3><ul><li><strong>Primary</strong>: The workbench <ul><li>Random Access Memory (RAM): Primary storage</li></ul></li><li><strong>Secondary</strong>: The storage for all your tools and supplies <ul><li>Hard Drive: Secondary storage</li></ul></li><li>ROM Chips (Read-Only Memory): Preprogrammed chips that serve specialized internal tasks. No human intervention <ul><li>AKA Firmware</li></ul></li></ul><h4 id="_3-4-1-secondary-storage-contd" tabindex="-1">3.4.1: Secondary Storage Contd. <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-4-1-secondary-storage-contd" aria-label="Permalink to "3.4.1: Secondary Storage Contd.""></a></h4><ul><li>Internal vs. External Storage</li><li>Hard Drivers vs. Solid State Drivers (SSDs)</li><li>Impractical for a computer to be stand-alone</li><li>Important to consider business needs <ul><li>Bad IT can make or break a business</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_3-5-binary-number-system" tabindex="-1">3.5: Binary Number System <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-5-binary-number-system" aria-label="Permalink to "3.5: Binary Number System""></a></h3><ul><li><p>Computer only understands one language: Machine code or machine language</p></li><li><p>1 or 0 (on or off)</p></li><li><p>1s or 0s are referred to as bits (short for binary digits)</p></li><li><p>8 bits become a byte</p><ul><li>Byte 8 bits</li><li>Kilob</li></ul></li><li><p>American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The coding scheme that most microcomputer use to represent bytes.</p><ul><li><table><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Equal To</th><th>Size (In Bytes)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Bit</td><td>1 Bit</td><td>1/8</td></tr><tr><td>Nibble</td><td>4 Bits</td><td>1/2 (rare)</td></tr><tr><td>Byte</td><td>8 Bits</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>Kilobyte</td><td>1024 Bytes</td><td>1024</td></tr><tr><td>Megabyte</td><td>1, 024 Kilobytes</td><td>1, 048, 576</td></tr><tr><td>Gigabyte</td><td>1, 024 Megabytes</td><td>1, 073, 741, 824</td></tr><tr><td>Terrabyte</td><td>1, 024 Gigabytes</td><td>1, 099, 511, 627, 776</td></tr><tr><td>Petabyte</td><td>1, 024 Terabytes</td><td>1, 125, 899, 906, 842, 624</td></tr><tr><td>Exabyte</td><td>1, 024 Petabytes</td><td>1, 152, 921, 504, 606, 846, 976</td></tr><tr><td>Zettabyte</td><td>1, 024 Exabytes</td><td>1, 180, 591, 620, 717, 411, 303, 424</td></tr><tr><td>Yottabyte</td><td>1, 024 Zettabytes</td><td>1, 208, 925, 819, 614, 629, 174, 706, 176</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_3-6-peripheral-devices" tabindex="-1">3.6: Peripheral Devices <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-6-peripheral-devices" aria-label="Permalink to "3.6: Peripheral Devices""></a></h3><ul><li>Input v. Output</li><li>Input device: keywords, mice, touchpad, stylus, speakers, microphone, digital camera, etc/</li><li>Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Converting printed text to digital text</li><li>Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): An input mechanism that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product's information transmitted through radio waves.</li></ul><h3 id="_3-7-output-devices-contd" tabindex="-1">3.7: Output Devices Contd. <a class="header-anchor" href="#_3-7-output-devices-contd" aria-label="Permalink to "3.7: Output Devices Contd.""></a></h3><ul><li>Monitor: A series of transistors that translate machine code into text and images./</li><li>Pixels: A single dot on a graphic or text image</li><li>Resolution: The number of pixels inside a defined dimension on a monitor, commonly referred to as <strong>dots per inch (dpi).</strong><ul><li>Resolution is the most important feature of a monitor.</li></ul></li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39e6c32d data-v-bae355c8><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-bae355c8><div class="edit-link" data-v-bae355c8><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/andatoshiki/toshiki-notebook/edit/master/docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l3-lecture-note.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-bae355c8><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-bae355c8><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> Edit this page on GitHub<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-bae355c8><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-bae355c8 data-v-ec8405ef>Last updated: <time datetime="2024-04-04T18:13:54.000Z" data-v-ec8405ef></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-bae355c8><div class="pager" data-v-bae355c8><a class="pager-link prev" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l2-lecture-note" data-v-bae355c8><span class="desc" data-v-bae355c8>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-bae355c8>Lect 2: Application Software</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-bae355c8><a class="pager-link next" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note" data-v-bae355c8><span class="desc" data-v-bae355c8>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-bae355c8>Lect 4: Formulas and Functions</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div id="comment-container"></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-f6284a77 data-v-b69a1592><div class="container" data-v-b69a1592><p class="message" data-v-b69a1592>Wrote with <i class="heart fa fa-heart fa-xs fa-beat"></i> and <i class="coffee fa fa-coffee fa-xs" aria-hidden="true"></i> by <a href="https://toshiki.dev">Anda Toshiki</a> at <code>root@andatoshiki:/~</code></p><p class="copyright" data-v-b69a1592>Copyright © 2023-2024 <a href="https://github.com/andatoshiki">Anda Toshiki</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lolilab">LoliLab</a> and <a href="https://github.com/toshikidev">Toshiki Dev</a> present <br /><span id="siteruntime_span"></span></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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