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class="VPSidebar" data-v-f6284a77 data-v-7ab77f34><div class="curtain" data-v-7ab77f34></div><nav class="nav" id="VPSidebarNav" aria-labelledby="sidebar-aria-label" tabindex="-1" data-v-7ab77f34><span class="visually-hidden" id="sidebar-aria-label" data-v-7ab77f34> Sidebar Navigation </span><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><div class="group" data-v-7ab77f34><section class="VPSidebarItem level-0 collapsible has-active" data-v-7ab77f34 data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" role="button" tabindex="0" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><h2 class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>CIS 105: Computer Applications and Information Technology</h2><div class="caret" role="button" aria-label="toggle section" tabindex="0" data-v-1b9f5c6f><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="caret-icon" data-v-1b9f5c6f><path d="M9,19c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4l5.3-5.3L8.3,6.7c-0.4-0.4-0.4-1,0-1.4s1-0.4,1.4,0l6,6c0.4,0.4,0.4,1,0,1.4l-6,6C9.5,18.9,9.3,19,9,19z"></path></svg></div></div><div class="items" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/index" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Course Overview & Schedule</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l1-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 1: Everything Changes</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l2-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 2: Application Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l3-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 3: Computer Hardware</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 4: Formulas and Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 5: Operating System</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 6 Pt 2: Logical Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 7: Green Business Computing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 8: Green Computer Networks</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 9: Internet</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 10: Business Websites</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-1b9f5c6f data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="item" data-v-1b9f5c6f><div class="indicator" data-v-1b9f5c6f></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note" data-v-1b9f5c6f><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-1b9f5c6f>Lect 11: Computer Security</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-f6284a77 data-v-f3ed2c70><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-f3ed2c70 data-v-39e6c32d><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-39e6c32d><div class="aside" data-v-39e6c32d><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-39e6c32d></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-39e6c32d><div class="aside-content" data-v-39e6c32d><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-39e6c32d data-v-f5b3965e><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-f5b3965e data-v-99fa007f><div class="content" data-v-99fa007f><div class="outline-marker" data-v-99fa007f></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" aria-level="2" data-v-99fa007f>TOC</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-99fa007f><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-99fa007f> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-99fa007f data-v-29e3fa2f><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-f5b3965e></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div class="VPDocAsideSponsors"><div class="VPSponsors vp-sponsor aside"><!--[--><section class="vp-sponsor-section"><!----><div class="VPSponsorsGrid vp-sponsor-grid medium"><!--[--><div class="vp-sponsor-grid-item"><a class="vp-sponsor-grid-link" target="_blank" rel="sponsored noopener"><article class="vp-sponsor-grid-box"><h4 class="visually-hidden"></h4><img class="vp-sponsor-grid-image" src="https://jsd.toshiki.dev/gh/andatoshiki/toshiki-notebook@master/assets/logo/sponsor/telegram.png"></article></a></div><!--]--></div></section><!--]--></div></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div></div><div class="content" data-v-39e6c32d><div class="content-container" data-v-39e6c32d><!--[--><!--]--><!----><main class="main" data-v-39e6c32d><div style="position:relative;" class="vp-doc _academic_cis105_cis105-l2-lecture-note" data-v-39e6c32d><div><h1 id="cis105-computer-applications-information-systems-lect-2" tabindex="-1">CIS105: Computer Applications &amp; Information Systems Lect. 2 <a class="header-anchor" href="#cis105-computer-applications-information-systems-lect-2" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;CIS105: Computer Applications &amp; Information Systems Lect. 2&quot;">​</a></h1><div><section class="border-b-1 border-[var(--vp-c-divider)] w-full border-b-solid mt-[24px] pb-[12px] flex gap-[12px] mb-[12px] flex-wrap max-w-[85%]"><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 1 8 0a8 8 0 0 1 0 16Zm.847-8.145a2.502 2.502 0 1 0-1.694 0C5.471 8.261 4 9.775 4 11c0 .395.145.995 1 .995h6c.855 0 1-.6 1-.995c0-1.224-1.47-2.74-3.153-3.145Z"></path></svg> Author:<span>Anda Toshiki</span></div><!----><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.903 7.297c0 3.044 2.207 5.118 4.686 5.547a.521.521 0 1 1-.178 1.027C3.5 13.367.861 10.913.861 7.297c0-1.537.699-2.745 1.515-3.663c.585-.658 1.254-1.193 1.792-1.602H2.532a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V2.686l-.001.002c-.572.43-1.27.957-1.875 1.638c-.715.804-1.253 1.776-1.253 2.97Zm11.108.406c0-3.012-2.16-5.073-4.607-5.533a.521.521 0 1 1 .192-1.024c2.874.54 5.457 2.98 5.457 6.557c0 1.537-.699 2.744-1.515 3.663c-.585.658-1.254 1.193-1.792 1.602h1.636a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-3a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v1.845h.002c.571-.432 1.27-.958 1.874-1.64c.715-.803 1.253-1.775 1.253-2.97Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> Updated:<span>a minute ago</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.293 0H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4.707A1 1 0 0 0 13.707 4L10 .293A1 1 0 0 0 9.293 0zM9.5 3.5v-2l3 3h-2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1zM5.485 6.879l1.036 4.144l.997-3.655a.5.5 0 0 1 .964 0l.997 3.655l1.036-4.144a.5.5 0 0 1 .97.242l-1.5 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.967.01L8 9.402l-1.018 3.73a.5.5 0 0 1-.967-.01l-1.5-6a.5.5 0 1 1 .97-.242z"></path></svg> Words:<span>336</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 0a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 10 0zm2.5 14.5L9 11V4h2v6l3 3z"></path></svg> Reading:<span>2 min</span></div></section></div><h2 id="chapter-2-application-software" tabindex="-1">Chapter 2: Application Software <a class="header-anchor" href="#chapter-2-application-software" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Chapter 2: Application Software&quot;">​</a></h2><ul><li>An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself.</li></ul><h3 id="_2-1-word-processing-software" tabindex="-1">2.1: Word Processing Software <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-1-word-processing-software" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.1: Word Processing Software&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>For creating, updating and editing documents</li><li>Can create a Table of Contents</li><li>Saved to secondary memory</li><li>Often underestimated</li><li><strong>Microsoft Word</strong>: Most popular word processor in the world</li><li><strong>Adobe Acrobat</strong>: Most portable document format (pdf) <ul><li>Platform Neutral</li></ul></li><li>Corel WordPerfect: most dominant in early 80s (still used in some industries like law) <ul><li>Created and Brigham Young university</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_2-2-spreadsheets" tabindex="-1">2.2: Spreadsheets <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-2-spreadsheets" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.2: Spreadsheets&quot;">​</a></h3><p><strong>Microsoft Excel</strong>: Most popular spreadsheet application (provides <strong>&quot;what-if&quot;</strong> analysis)</p><ul><li>Interface of information in a grid form</li><li>Separated by <strong>columns</strong> and <strong>rows</strong><ul><li>Intersection of both called a cell</li></ul></li><li>Often for financial calculations</li><li>Supports graphing</li><li>Replaced Lotus 1-2-3 as industry standard in 1993</li></ul><h3 id="_2-3-database-software" tabindex="-1">2.3: Database Software <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-3-database-software" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.3: Database Software&quot;">​</a></h3><p>Database: <strong>The heavy-lifting application</strong></p><ul><li>Well thought out collection of files</li><li>Consists of <strong>records</strong> (<strong>rows</strong>)</li><li>Separated by <strong>fields</strong> (<strong>columns</strong>)</li><li>Can be queried</li><li>Often called a Database Management System or simply referred as <strong>DBMS</strong></li><li>One-to-many relationship</li></ul><h3 id="_2-4-presentation-software" tabindex="-1">2.4: Presentation Software <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-4-presentation-software" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.4: Presentation Software&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Displays information</li><li>Often a slide show and on-screen</li><li>Easy to build</li><li>Popularized by Business Intelligence</li><li>Allows users to: <ul><li>Edit, update, insert, and delete text</li><li>Include graphics, video, and hypertext</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_2-5-browser-software" tabindex="-1">2.5: Browser Software <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-5-browser-software" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.5: Browser Software&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>User interface <strong>software</strong> that allows the user to display web pages found on the World Wide Web</li><li>Browsers display <strong>hyperlinks</strong> that are clickable navigation elements</li><li>Microsoft Edge, Google Chroe, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple&#39;s Safari</li><li>The first browser was called <strong>WorldWideWeb</strong> (no spaces)</li><li><strong>Sir Tim Berners-Lee</strong> was the inventor of the first web browser</li></ul><h3 id="_2-6-networks" tabindex="-1">2.6: Networks <a class="header-anchor" href="#_2-6-networks" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;2.6: Networks&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>A computer network is <strong>two or more computers connected together</strong> for resource sharing and communication.</li><li>Resources: Computer files, folder, software</li><li><strong>Peripheral hardware</strong>: Printers, scanners, webcam, etc.</li></ul><p>The advantages of a computer network over a stand-alone computer are so significant that business cannot compete effectively in the marketplace without a network of some kind, even if the business is a sole proprietorship.</p></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-39e6c32d data-v-bae355c8><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-bae355c8><div class="edit-link" data-v-bae355c8><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon 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