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62 lines
95 KiB
JavaScript
62 lines
95 KiB
JavaScript
import{_ as t,c as m,z as s,a,E as n,R as e,o as i,G as p}from"./chunks/framework.a1bac067.js";const j=JSON.parse('{"title":"Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 13","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/13.md","filePath":"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/13.md","lastUpdated":1684906496000}'),r={name:"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/13.md"},c=e('<h1 id="formulas-for-ipho-日本語版-section-13" tabindex="-1">Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 13 <a class="header-anchor" href="#formulas-for-ipho-日本語版-section-13" aria-label="Permalink to "Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 13""></a></h1><h2 id="_13-相対性理論" tabindex="-1">13: 相対性理論 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_13-相対性理論" aria-label="Permalink to "13: 相対性理論""></a></h2><h3 id="_13-1-lorentz-変換" tabindex="-1">13.1:Lorentz 変換 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_13-1-lorentz-変換" aria-label="Permalink to "13.1:Lorentz 変換""></a></h3>',3),h=s("ol",null,[s("li",null,[s("p",null,[a("Lorentz 変換 (Minkowski 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