toshiki-notebook/assets/academic_physics_ipho-formulas-jpn_7.md.71b4b894.js

import{_ as t,c as n,z as s,a,E as e,R as m,o as i,G as p}from"./chunks/framework.ade46834.js";const U=JSON.parse('{"title":"Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 7","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/7.md","filePath":"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/7.md","lastUpdated":1694655530000}'),r={name:"academic/physics/ipho-formulas-jpn/7.md"},c=m('<h1 id="formulas-for-ipho-日本語版-section-7" tabindex="-1">Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 7 <a class="header-anchor" href="#formulas-for-ipho-日本語版-section-7" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Formulas for IPhO 日本語版: Section 7&quot;"></a></h1><h2 id="_7-波動光学" tabindex="-1">7: 波動光学 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-波動光学" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7: 波動光学&quot;"></a></h2><h3 id="_7-1-huygens-の原理に基づいた回折" tabindex="-1">7.1: Huygens の原理に基づいた回折 <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-1-huygens-の原理に基づいた回折" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.1: Huygens の原理に基づいた回折&quot;"></a></h3><ol><li>Huygens の原理に基づいた回折 : 障害物が波面を切断 すると波面は小さな断片に分割され，それが仮想的な 点波源となり，観測点での波の振幅はこれらの波源か らの寄与の重ね合わせとなる.</li></ol><h3 id="_7-2-二重スリット" tabindex="-1">7.2: 二重スリット <a class="header-anchor" href="#_7-2-二重スリット" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;7.2: 二重スリット&quot;"></a></h3>',5),h=s("ol",{start:"2"},[s("li",null,[a("二重スリット（幅は "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"d"),s("mo",null,"≪"),s("mi",null,"a"),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"d \\ll a, \\lambda)")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.7335em","vertical-align":"-0.0391em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≪"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"λ"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])]),a(" による干渉:強 め合う角 "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mi",null,"max"),s("mo",null,"⁡")]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"arcsin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"d"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",null,"∈"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"double-struck"},"Z"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"."),s("mi",null,"I"),s("mo",null,"∝")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\varphi_{\\max }=\\arcsin (n \\lambda / d), n \\in \\mathbb{Z} . I \\propto")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1514em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mop mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mtight"},"m"),s("span",{class:"mtight"},"a"),s("span",{class:"mtight"},"x")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"arcsin"),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"nλ"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"∈"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6889em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathbb"},"Z"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"."),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.07847em"}},"I"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"∝")])])]),a(),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msup",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"cos"),s("mo",null,"⁡")]),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{fence:"true"},"("),s("mi",null,"k"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"a"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mi",null,"sin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mo",{fence:"true"},")")]),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"k"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"π"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\cos ^2\\left(k \\frac{a}{2} \\sin \\varphi\\right),(k=2 \\pi / \\lambda)")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2em","vertical-align":"-0.35em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},[s("span",{class:"mop"},"cos"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"minner"},[s("span",{class:"mopen delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},[s("span",{class:"delimsizing size1"},"(")]),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03148em"}},"k"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6954em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"sin"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"mclose delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},[s("span",{class:"delimsizing size1"},")")])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03148em"}},"k"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"2"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"π"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"λ"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])])])],-1),o=s("h3",{id:"_7-3-単スリット-弱め合う角",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.3: 単スリット-弱め合う角 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-3-単スリット-弱め合う角","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.3: 単スリット-弱め合う角"'},"")],-1),g=s("ol",{start:"3"},[s("li",null,[a("単スリット:弱め合う角: "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mtext",null,"min ")]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"arcsin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"d"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",null,"∈")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\varphi_{\\text {min }}=\\arcsin (n \\lambda / d), n \\in")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3175em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord text mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"min ")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"arcsin"),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"nλ"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"∈")])])]),a(),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"double-struck"},"Z"),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",{mathvariant:"normal"},"≠"),s("mn",null,"0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathbb{Z}, n \\neq 0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathbb"},"Z"),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},[s("span",{class:"mrel"},[s("span",{class:"mord vbox"},[s("span",{class:"thinbox"},[s("span",{class:"rlap"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"inner"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mrel"},"")])]),s("span",{class:"fix"})])])])]),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"=")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"0")])])]),a(". 中央の強め合う部分は "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"±"),s("mn",null,"1")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"n=\\pm 1")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.7278em","vertical-align":"-0.0833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"±"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1")])])]),a(" の間である ことに注意せよ. "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"I"),s("mo",null,"∝"),s("msup",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"sin"),s("mo",null,"⁡")]),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{fence:"true"},"("),s("mi",null,"k"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"d"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mi",null,"sin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mo",{fence:"true"},")")]),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"sin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mi",null,"φ")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"I \\propto \\sin ^2\\left(k \\frac{d}{2} \\sin \\varphi\\right) / \\sin \\varphi")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.07847em"}},"I"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"∝"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2301em","vertical-align":"-0.35em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},[s("span",{class:"mop"},"sin"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8719em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.1208em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"minner"},[s("span",{class:"mopen delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},[s("span",{class:"delimsizing size1"},"(")]),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03148em"}},"k"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8801em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"d")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"sin"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"mclose delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},[s("span",{class:"delimsizing size1"},")")])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"sin"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ")])])])])],-1),u=s("h3",{id:"_7-4-回折格子",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.4: 回折格子 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-4-回折格子","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.4: 回折格子"'},"")],-1),d=s("ol",{start:"4"},[s("li",null,[a("回折格子：主な強め合う角はポイント 2 と同じで, 主 な強め合う角の幅は "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"d")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"d")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d")])])]),a(" を回折格子の正味の長さとすれ ばポイント 3 と同じ. "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"n")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"n")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n")])])]),a(" 番目の明線のスペクトルの分 解能は，溝の総数を "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"N")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"N")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.10903em"}},"N")])])]),a(" 本として "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"λ")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mi",null,"N")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\frac{\\lambda}{\\Delta \\lambda}=n N")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2251em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8801em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.10903em"}},"N")])])]),a(".")])],-1),y=s("h3",{id:"_7-5-分光器の分解能",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.5: 分光器の分解能 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-5-分光器の分解能","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.5: 分光器の分解能"'},"")],-1),x=s("ol",{start:"5"},[s("li",null,[a("分光器の分解能 : 最短の光線と最長の光線の光学距離 の差を "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"L")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"L")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"L")])])]),a(" として, "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"λ")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"L"),s("mi",null,"λ")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\frac{\\lambda}{\\Delta \\lambda}=\\frac{L}{\\lambda}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2251em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8801em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2173em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8723em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"L")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])])]),a(".")])],-1),v=s("h3",{id:"_7-6-プリズムの分解能",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.6: プリズムの分解能 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-6-プリズムの分解能","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.6: プリズムの分解能"'},"")],-1),w=s("ol",{start:"7"},[s("li",null,[a("プリズムの分解能 "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,":"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"λ")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"a"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"d"),s("mi",null,"n")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"d")]),s("mi",null,"λ")])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},": \\frac{\\lambda}{\\Delta \\lambda}=a \\frac{\\mathrm{d} n}{\\mathrm{~d} \\lambda}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},":"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2251em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8801em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2251em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8801em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mtight"}," ")]),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm mtight"},"d")]),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm mtight"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"n")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])])])])],-1),b=s("h3",{id:"_7-7-角度距離",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.7: 角度距離 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-7-角度距離","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.7: 角度距離"'},"")],-1),k=s("ol",{start:"7"},[s("li",null,[a("理想的な望遠鏡 (レンズ) で 2 点を解像するときの角度距離 : "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mo",null,"≈"),s("mn",null,"1.22"),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"d")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\varphi \\approx 1.22 \\lambda / d")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6776em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≈"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1.22"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"λ"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d")])])]),a(". この角度では, 一方の点の中 心が他方の点の最初の回折最小值に当たる.")])],-1),_=s("h3",{id:"_7-8-bragg-の法則",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.8: Bragg の法則 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-8-bragg-の法則","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.8: Bragg の法則"'},"")],-1),z=s("ol",{start:"8"},[s("li",null,[a("Bragg の法則：間隔が "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"d")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"d")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d")])])]),a(" の平行な結晶面の組は, "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"d"),s("mi",null,"sin"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mi",null,"θ"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mi",null,"λ")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"2 d \\sin \\theta=n \\lambda")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"2"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"sin"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.02778em"}},"θ"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"nλ")])])]),a(" ならば "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"X")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{X}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"X")])])]),a(" 線を反射する. ここで "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"θ")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\theta")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.02778em"}},"θ")])])]),a(" は結 晶面と X 線がなす角 (かすめ角).")])],-1),f=s("h3",{id:"_7-9-高密度電体媒質反射",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.9: 高密度電体媒質反射 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-9-高密度電体媒質反射","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.9: 高密度電体媒質反射"'},"")],-1),M=s("ol",{start:"9"},[s("li",null,[a("光学的に高密度な誘電体媒質による反射 : 位相が "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"π")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\pi")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"π")])])]),a(" ず れる. 半透明の薄膜では "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"ϕ"),s("mo",{lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"→")]),s("mo",null,"+"),s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"ϕ"),s("mo",{lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"←")]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"π")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\phi_{\\rightarrow}+\\phi_{\\leftarrow}=\\pi")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ϕ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1068em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mrel mtight"},"→")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"+"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ϕ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1068em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mrel mtight"},"←")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"π")])])]),a(". ここで "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"ϕ"),s("mo",{lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"→")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\phi_{\\rightarrow}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ϕ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1068em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mrel mtight"},"→")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" と "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"ϕ"),s("mo",{lspace:"0em",rspace:"0em"},"←")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\phi_{\\leftarrow}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ϕ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.1068em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mrel mtight"},"←")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" は反射波と透過波の位相差（矢印は入射方向を 示す)")])],-1),L=s("h3",{id:"_7-10-fabry-perot-干渉計",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.10: Fabry-Pérot 干渉計 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-10-fabry-perot-干渉計","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.10: Fabry-Pérot 干渉計"'},"")],-1),P=s("ol",{start:"10"},[s("li",null,[a("Fabry-Pérot 干渉計 : 高い反射率 "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"r"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mi",null,"r"),s("mo",null,"≪"),s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"r(1-r \\ll 1)")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.02778em"}},"r"),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.5782em","vertical-align":"-0.0391em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.02778em"}},"r"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≪"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])]),a(" を持 つ 2 枚の平行な半透明の鏡. 分解能は "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"ν"),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"ν")])]),s("mo",null,"≈"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"2"),s("mi",null,"a")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mn",null,"1"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mi",null,"r"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\frac{\\nu}{\\Delta \\nu} \\approx \\frac{2 a}{\\lambda(1-r)}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.0404em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6954em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{"margin-right":"0.06366em"}},"ν")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{"margin-right":"0.06366em"}},"ν")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≈"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.3651em","vertical-align":"-0.52em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8451em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"λ"),s("span",{class:"mopen mtight"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"1"),s("span",{class:"mbin mtight"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight",style:{"margin-right":"0.02778em"}},"r"),s("span",{class:"mclose mtight"},")")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"a")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.52em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])])]),a(". 5 つの平面波 (干渉計の前で左右に進む波, 内部を左右 に進む波，後ろを進む波）を設定して境界条件を課す ことで，透過スペクトルを求められる.")])],-1),B=s("h3",{id:"_7-11-コヒーレントな電磁波",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.11: コヒーレントな電磁波 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-11-コヒーレントな電磁波","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.11: コヒーレントな電磁波"'},"")],-1),I=s("ol",{start:"11"},[s("li",null,[a("コヒーレントな電磁波: 電場をベクトル为で表し, ベク トル間の角度を位相差とする. 屈折率が "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"ω"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mo",null,"=")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"n=n(\\omega)=")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"ω"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"=")])])]),a(),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msqrt",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"ε"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"ω"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\sqrt{\\varepsilon(\\omega)}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.24em","vertical-align":"-0.305em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord sqrt"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.935em"}},[s("span",{class:"svg-align",style:{top:"-3.2em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.2em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{"padding-left":"1em"}},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ε"),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"ω"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-2.895em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.2em"}}),s("span",{class:"hide-tail",style:{"min-width":"1.02em",height:"1.28em"}},[s("svg",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",width:"400em",height:"1.28em",viewBox:"0 0 400000 1296",preserveAspectRatio:"xMinYMin slice"},[s("path",{d:`M263,681c0.7,0,18,39.7,52,119
c34,79.3,68.167,158.7,102.5,238c34.3,79.3,51.8,119.3,52.5,120
c340,-704.7,510.7,-1060.3,512,-1067
l0 -0
c4.7,-7.3,11,-11,19,-11
H40000v40H1012.3
s-271.3,567,-271.3,567c-38.7,80.7,-84,175,-136,283c-52,108,-89.167,185.3,-111.5,232
c-22.3,46.7,-33.8,70.3,-34.5,71c-4.7,4.7,-12.3,7,-23,7s-12,-1,-12,-1
s-109,-253,-109,-253c-72.7,-168,-109.3,-252,-110,-252c-10.7,8,-22,16.7,-34,26
c-22,17.3,-33.3,26,-34,26s-26,-26,-26,-26s76,-59,76,-59s76,-60,76,-60z
M1001 80h400000v40h-400000z`})])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.305em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])]),a(" (普通 "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"μ"),s("mo",null,"≈"),s("mn",null,"1")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mu \\approx 1")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6776em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"μ"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≈"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1")])])]),a(" ) であることに注意せよ. エネ ルギー流密度（単位面積を通過する単位時間あたりの エネルギー）: "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"I"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"c"),s("mi",null,"n"),s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"ε"),s("mn",null,"0")]),s("msup",null,[s("mi",null,"E"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mfrac",null,[s("mi",null,"c"),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"n"),s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"μ"),s("mn",null,"0")])])]),s("msup",null,[s("mi",null,"B"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"E")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"I=c n \\varepsilon_0 E^2=\\frac{c}{n \\mu_0} B^2(E")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.07847em"}},"I"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.9641em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"c"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"ε"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"0")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.05764em"}},"E"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.2952em","vertical-align":"-0.4811em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.6954em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"μ"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3173em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.357em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.0714em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.5em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"0")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.143em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal mtight"},"c")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.4811em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.05017em"}},"B"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.05764em"}},"E")])])]),a(" と "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"B")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"B")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.05017em"}},"B")])])]),a(" は実 効值)")])],-1),q=s("h3",{id:"_7-12-malus-の法則",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.12: Malus の法則 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-12-malus-の法則","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.12: Malus の法則"'},"")],-1),N=s("ol",{start:"12"},[s("li",null,[a("Malus の法則 : 直線偏光が角度 "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"φ")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\varphi")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.625em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ")])])]),a(" で偏光板を通過する と "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"I"),s("mo",null,"="),s("msub",null,[s("mi",null,"I"),s("mn",null,"0")]),s("msup",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"cos"),s("mo",null,"⁡")]),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mi",null,"φ")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"I=I_0 \\cos ^2 \\varphi")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.07847em"}},"I"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.0085em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.07847em"}},"I"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"-0.0785em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"0")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},[s("span",{class:"mop"},"cos"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ")])])])])],-1),E=s("h3",{id:"_7-13-1-4-波長版",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.13: 1/4 波長版 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-13-1-4-波長版","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.13: 1/4 波長版"'},"")],-1),S=s("ol",{start:"13"},[s("li",null,[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mn",null,"4")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"1 / 4")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1/4")])])]),a(" 波長版 : 直線偏光成分間の位相が "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"π"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\pi / 2")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"π"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/2")])])]),a(" ずれる.")])],-1),D=s("h3",{id:"_7-14-brewster-角",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.14: Brewster 角 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-14-brewster-角","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.14: Brewster 角"'},"")],-1),F=s("ol",{start:"14"},[s("li",null,[a("Brewster 角: 入射角が "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"tan"),s("mo",null,"⁡"),s("mi",null,"φ"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mi",null,"n")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\tan \\varphi=n")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8095em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mop"},"tan"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"φ"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n")])])]),a(" を満たすとき, 反 射波と屈折波が垂直になり反射波は直線偏光となる.")])],-1),T=s("h3",{id:"_7-15-光学素子による回折",tabindex:"-1"},[a("7.15: 光学素子による回折 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-15-光学素子による回折","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.15: 光学素子による回折"'},"")],-1),X=s("ol",{start:"15"},[s("li",null,"光学素子による回折 : レンズやプリズムなどを通る光 の光学距離を計算する必要はなく, 図形的に考える. 例えば，双プリズムは二重スリットによる回折と同じ 回折をする.")],-1),Z={id:"_7-16-光ファイバー",tabindex:"-1"},V=s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#_7-16-光ファイバー","aria-label":'Permalink to "7.16: 光ファイバー <Badge type="tip" text="supplemental" />"'},"",-1),H=s("ol",{start:"17"},[s("li",null,[a("光ファイバー：Mach-Zehnder 干渉計は二重スリッ トによる干渉と, 円形共振器は Fabry-Pérot 干渉計 と似ている. Bragg フィルターは "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"X")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{X}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"X")])])]),a(" 線の場合と同 じように働く. シングルモードの光ファイバーでは, "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"n"),s("mo",null,"≈"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"λ"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"/"),s("mi",null,"d"),s("msup",null,[s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mn",null,"2")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\Delta n / n \\approx \\frac{1}{2}(\\lambda / d)^2")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"n"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"≈"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1.1901em","vertical-align":"-0.345em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8451em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.655em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.394em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"1")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.345em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"λ"),s("span",{class:"mord"},"/"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},[s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])])])])])])])])]),a(".")])],-1);function A(O,$,j,C,R,G){const l=p("Badge");return i(),n("div",null,[c,h,o,g,u,d,y,x,v,w,b,k,_,z,f,M,L,P,B,I,q,N,E,S,D,F,T,X,s("h3",Z,[a("7.16: 光ファイバー "),e(l,{type:"tip",text:"supplemental"}),a(),V]),H])}const Y=t(r,[["render",A]]);export{U as __pageData,Y as default};