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class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 5: Operating System</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 6 Pt 2: Logical Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 7: Green Business Computing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 8: Green Computer Networks</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 9: Internet</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 10: Business Websites</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 11: Computer Security</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l12-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 12: Introduction to SQL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l13-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 13: Information Systems in Business</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 14: More SQL Statements</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l15-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 15: Business System Reporting</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l16-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 16: Information Technology Careers</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l17-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 17: SQL Clauses: JOIN Query</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l18-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 18: Databases</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-89207109 data-v-4a097eb3><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-4a097eb3 data-v-4885b148><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-4885b148></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside-content" data-v-4885b148><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-4885b148 data-v-7045d2d5><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-7045d2d5 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items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 1 8 0a8 8 0 0 1 0 16m.847-8.145a2.502 2.502 0 1 0-1.694 0C5.471 8.261 4 9.775 4 11c0 .395.145.995 1 .995h6c.855 0 1-.6 1-.995c0-1.224-1.47-2.74-3.153-3.145"></path></svg> Author:<span>Anda Toshiki</span></div><!----><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.903 7.297c0 3.044 2.207 5.118 4.686 5.547a.521.521 0 1 1-.178 1.027C3.5 13.367.861 10.913.861 7.297c0-1.537.699-2.745 1.515-3.663c.585-.658 1.254-1.193 1.792-1.602H2.532a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V2.686l-.001.002c-.572.43-1.27.957-1.875 1.638c-.715.804-1.253 1.776-1.253 2.97m11.108.406c0-3.012-2.16-5.073-4.607-5.533a.521.521 0 1 1 .192-1.024c2.874.54 5.457 2.98 5.457 6.557c0 1.537-.699 2.744-1.515 3.663c-.585.658-1.254 1.193-1.792 1.602h1.636a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-3a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v1.845h.002c.571-.432 1.27-.958 1.874-1.64c.715-.803 1.253-1.775 1.253-2.97" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> Updated:<span>3 minutes ago</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.293 0H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4.707A1 1 0 0 0 13.707 4L10 .293A1 1 0 0 0 9.293 0M9.5 3.5v-2l3 3h-2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1M5.485 6.879l1.036 4.144l.997-3.655a.5.5 0 0 1 .964 0l.997 3.655l1.036-4.144a.5.5 0 0 1 .97.242l-1.5 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.967.01L8 9.402l-1.018 3.73a.5.5 0 0 1-.967-.01l-1.5-6a.5.5 0 1 1 .97-.242z"></path></svg> Words:<span>602</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 0a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 10 0m2.5 14.5L9 11V4h2v6l3 3z"></path></svg> Reading:<span>3 min</span></div></section></div><h2 id="chapter-5-operating-system" tabindex="-1">Chapter 5: Operating System <a class="header-anchor" href="#chapter-5-operating-system" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;Chapter 5: Operating System&quot;">​</a></h2><h3 id="_5-1-operating-system-fundamentals" tabindex="-1">5.1: Operating System Fundamentals <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-1-operating-system-fundamentals" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.1: Operating System Fundamentals&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>1980: Bill Gates and Paul Allen leased IBM a Personal Computer (PC) called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) for a one-time fee of <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">$</mi><mn>50</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo><mn>000</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\$50,000</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9444em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">$50</span><span class="mpunct">,</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">000</span></span></span></span>. <ul><li>Gates Kept the copyright for MS-DOS</li></ul></li><li>1984: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Mac OS <ul><li>Advertised on &quot;More user-friendly&quot;</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-2-understanding-operating-systems" tabindex="-1">5.2: Understanding Operating Systems <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-2-understanding-operating-systems" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.2: Understanding Operating Systems&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)</li><li>Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly <ul><li>Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux</li></ul></li><li><strong>Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system</strong>.</li></ul><h3 id="_5-3-memory-management" tabindex="-1">5.3: Memory Management <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-3-memory-management" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.3: Memory Management&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Operating system coordinate</strong>: Computers memory</p><ul><li><strong>Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory</strong></li><li><strong>Disk Storage</strong></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>CPU Cache</strong>: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory</p><ul><li>Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.</li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Random Access Memory (RAM)</strong>: Volatile memory</p></li><li><p>Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory</p><ul><li><blockquote><p><strong>volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off</strong>.</p></blockquote></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-4-memory-management-contd" tabindex="-1">5.4: Memory Management Contd. <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-4-memory-management-contd" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.4: Memory Management Contd.&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs <ul><li>Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.</li></ul></li><li>Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage. <ul><li>The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-5-disk-management" tabindex="-1">5.5: Disk Management <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-5-disk-management" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.5: Disk Management&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible <ul><li>Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)</li></ul></li><li>Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive <ul><li>Note required for SSD</li></ul></li><li>Hard Disk Drive (HDD) <ul><li>Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures</li><li>Cons: more prone to damage</li></ul></li><li>Solid State Drives (SSD) <ul><li>Pros: N moving parts, more reliable</li><li>Cons: More expensive.</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-6-file-management" tabindex="-1">5.6: File Management <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-6-file-management" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.6: File Management&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders <ul><li>Can be compared to a physical storage</li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-7-networks" tabindex="-1">5.7: Networks <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-7-networks" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.7: Networks&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Network: 2 or more computers connected together</li><li>Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another <ul><li>Transfers info by breaking up files into packates</li></ul></li><li>The internet is the world&#39;s largest network</li></ul><h3 id="_5-8-device-drivers" tabindex="-1">5.8: Device Drivers <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-8-device-drivers" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.8: Device Drivers&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices</li><li>Modern OS have plug-and-play capability</li><li>1996: USB developed and considered industry standard</li></ul><h3 id="_5-9-embedded-operating-systems" tabindex="-1">5.9: embedded Operating Systems <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-9-embedded-operating-systems" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.9: embedded Operating Systems&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing <ul><li>Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices</li><li>Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases</li><li>Embedded OS used on most cell pones <ul><li>Google, Android, and iPhone</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><h3 id="_5-10-mac-or-pc" tabindex="-1">5.10: Mac or PC? <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-10-mac-or-pc" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.10: Mac or PC?&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>The answer is baed on the needs of the business</li><li>Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?</li></ul><h3 id="_5-11-major-operating-systems" tabindex="-1">5.11: Major Operating Systems <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-11-major-operating-systems" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.11: Major Operating Systems&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Microsoft Windows: Windows 10 <ul><li>Windows 11 available for download</li></ul></li><li>Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS) <ul><li>Version 14: Sonoma</li></ul></li><li>Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely <ul><li>Created by <strong>Linux Torvalds</strong></li></ul></li><li>UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.</li></ul><h3 id="_5-12-open-source-os" tabindex="-1">5.12: Open-Source OS <a class="header-anchor" href="#_5-12-open-source-os" aria-label="Permalink to &quot;5.12: Open-Source OS&quot;">​</a></h3><ul><li>Proprietary software vs. open-source <ul><li>Why doesn&#39;t everyone use open-source</li></ul></li><li>Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-4885b148 data-v-10ef07da><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-10ef07da><div class="edit-link" data-v-10ef07da><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/andatoshiki/toshiki-notebook/edit/master/docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-10ef07da><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-10ef07da><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> Edit this page on GitHub<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-10ef07da><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-10ef07da data-v-d785740a>Last updated: <time datetime="2024-09-15T16:36:18.000Z" data-v-d785740a></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-10ef07da><div class="pager" data-v-10ef07da><a class="pager-link prev" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l4-lecture-note" data-v-10ef07da><span class="desc" data-v-10ef07da>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-10ef07da>Lect 4: Formulas and Functions</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-10ef07da><a class="pager-link next" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note" data-v-10ef07da><span class="desc" data-v-10ef07da>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-10ef07da>Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div id="comment-container"></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-89207109 data-v-d607cddc><div class="container" data-v-d607cddc><p class="message" data-v-d607cddc>Copyright © 2023-2024 <a href="https://github.com/andatoshiki">Anda Toshiki</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lolilab">LoliLab</a> and <a href="https://github.com/toshikidev">Toshiki Dev</a> present <br /><span id="siteruntime_span"></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-d607cddc>Wrote with <span class="heart">💓</span> with 🌵 by <a href="https://toshiki.dev">Anda Toshiki</a> at <code>root@andatoshiki:/~</code> in the innovative HQ of <a href="https://asu.edu">ASU</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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