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class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l5-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 5: Operating System</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt1-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 6 Pt 1: System Software</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l6-pt2-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 6 Pt 2: Logical Functions</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 7: Green Business Computing</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 8: Green Computer Networks</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 9: Internet</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l10-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 10: Business Websites</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l11-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 11: Computer Security</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l12-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 12: Introduction to SQL</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l13-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 13: Information Systems in Business</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l14-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 14: More SQL Statements</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l15-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 15: Business System Reporting</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l16-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 16: Information Technology Careers</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l17-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 17: SQL Clauses: JOIN Query</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><div class="VPSidebarItem level-1 is-link" data-v-315243f1 data-v-315243f1><div class="item" data-v-315243f1><div class="indicator" data-v-315243f1></div><a class="VPLink link link" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l18-lecture-note" data-v-315243f1><!--[--><p class="text" data-v-315243f1>Lect 18: Databases</p><!--]--></a><!----></div><!----></div><!--]--></div></section></div><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--></nav></aside><div class="VPContent has-sidebar" id="VPContent" data-v-89207109 data-v-4a097eb3><div class="VPDoc has-sidebar has-aside" data-v-4a097eb3 data-v-4885b148><!--[--><!--]--><div class="container" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside-curtain" data-v-4885b148></div><div class="aside-container" data-v-4885b148><div class="aside-content" data-v-4885b148><div class="VPDocAside" data-v-4885b148 data-v-7045d2d5><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--]--><div class="VPDocAsideOutline" role="navigation" data-v-7045d2d5 data-v-35301578><div class="content" data-v-35301578><div class="outline-marker" data-v-35301578></div><div class="outline-title" role="heading" aria-level="2" data-v-35301578>TOC</div><nav aria-labelledby="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-35301578><span class="visually-hidden" id="doc-outline-aria-label" data-v-35301578> Table of Contents for current page </span><ul class="root" data-v-35301578 data-v-cc4b0507><!--[--><!--]--></ul></nav></div></div><!--[--><!--]--><div class="spacer" data-v-7045d2d5></div><!--[--><!--]--><!----><!--[--><!--]--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div class="VPDocAsideSponsors"><div class="VPSponsors vp-sponsor aside"><!--[--><section class="vp-sponsor-section"><!----><div class="VPSponsorsGrid vp-sponsor-grid medium"><!--[--><div class="vp-sponsor-grid-item"><a class="vp-sponsor-grid-link" target="_blank" rel="sponsored noopener"><article class="vp-sponsor-grid-box"><h4 class="visually-hidden"></h4><img class="vp-sponsor-grid-image" 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style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 1 8 0a8 8 0 0 1 0 16m.847-8.145a2.502 2.502 0 1 0-1.694 0C5.471 8.261 4 9.775 4 11c0 .395.145.995 1 .995h6c.855 0 1-.6 1-.995c0-1.224-1.47-2.74-3.153-3.145"></path></svg> Author:<span>Anda Toshiki</span></div><!----><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1.903 7.297c0 3.044 2.207 5.118 4.686 5.547a.521.521 0 1 1-.178 1.027C3.5 13.367.861 10.913.861 7.297c0-1.537.699-2.745 1.515-3.663c.585-.658 1.254-1.193 1.792-1.602H2.532a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1h3a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v3a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V2.686l-.001.002c-.572.43-1.27.957-1.875 1.638c-.715.804-1.253 1.776-1.253 2.97m11.108.406c0-3.012-2.16-5.073-4.607-5.533a.521.521 0 1 1 .192-1.024c2.874.54 5.457 2.98 5.457 6.557c0 1.537-.699 2.744-1.515 3.663c-.585.658-1.254 1.193-1.792 1.602h1.636a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-3a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5v-3a.5.5 0 1 1 1 0v1.845h.002c.571-.432 1.27-.958 1.874-1.64c.715-.803 1.253-1.775 1.253-2.97" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> Updated:<span>2 minutes ago</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.293 0H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v12a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h8a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V4.707A1 1 0 0 0 13.707 4L10 .293A1 1 0 0 0 9.293 0M9.5 3.5v-2l3 3h-2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1M5.485 6.879l1.036 4.144l.997-3.655a.5.5 0 0 1 .964 0l.997 3.655l1.036-4.144a.5.5 0 0 1 .97.242l-1.5 6a.5.5 0 0 1-.967.01L8 9.402l-1.018 3.73a.5.5 0 0 1-.967-.01l-1.5-6a.5.5 0 1 1 .97-.242z"></path></svg> Words:<span>754</span></div><div class="flex gap-[4px] items-center"><svg style="display:inline-block;" viewBox="0 0 20 20" width="1.2em" height="1.2em"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 0a10 10 0 1 0 10 10A10 10 0 0 0 10 0m2.5 14.5L9 11V4h2v6l3 3z"></path></svg> Reading:<span>4 min</span></div></section></div><h2 id="chapter-8-computer-networks" tabindex="-1">Chapter 8: Computer Networks <a class="header-anchor" href="#chapter-8-computer-networks" aria-label="Permalink to "Chapter 8: Computer Networks""></a></h2><h3 id="_8-1-computer-networks" tabindex="-1">8.1: Computer Networks <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-1-computer-networks" aria-label="Permalink to "8.1: Computer Networks""></a></h3><ul><li>Two or more computers connected together to share resources like:</li><li>Folders and files</li><li>Software</li><li>Hardware</li><li>Scanners, Printers, Webcams, etc. Consider a network made up of three computers (Clients) connected to one computer called a Server. The server is connected to a printer and a scanner (peripheral devices) enabling all three clients to use them. Any device connected to a network is called a node.</li></ul><h3 id="_8-2-building-a-computer-network" tabindex="-1">8.2: Building a Computer Network <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-2-building-a-computer-network" aria-label="Permalink to "8.2: Building a Computer Network""></a></h3><p>All networks require four basic components</p><ol><li>Network Interface Controller Card (NIC): Plugged into the motherboard to interface and connect with other computers.</li><li>Protocol: TCP/IP controls how data and information is shared between computers.</li><li>Cables: Cables connect servers to clients which can sometimes be replaced through wireless connections.</li><li>Hub: Typically, the central location of a network (server) that serves to run the network smoothly</li></ol><h3 id="_8-3-network-protocols" tabindex="-1">8.3: Network Protocols <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-3-network-protocols" aria-label="Permalink to "8.3: Network Protocols""></a></h3><p>Provides a common language and rules for communication between computers. A protocol is a convention or standard that controls or allows communication and data transfer between two computers.</p><ul><li>Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP): When sending a file from one computer to another, the file is broken down into smaller files called “packets”. The packets arrive at the receiving computer and must be reassembled correctly to guarantee the receiving computer gets a file that will work (not corrupted).</li><li>User Datagram Packets: Break large files into packets, but unlike TCP/IP, allows a user to use the incoming file.</li></ul><h3 id="_8-4-network-operating-systems" tabindex="-1">8.4: Network Operating Systems <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-4-network-operating-systems" aria-label="Permalink to "8.4: Network Operating Systems""></a></h3><p>A Network Operating System (NOS) is similar to a stand-alone platform but responsible for much more:</p><ul><li>Automatic hardware detection. The NOS recognizes it when it becomes part of the network.</li><li>Supports multi-processing which allows several processes to occur at one time.</li><li>Recognizes who is using the network.</li><li>Provides security</li></ul><h3 id="_8-5-network-administrator" tabindex="-1">8.5: Network Administrator <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-5-network-administrator" aria-label="Permalink to "8.5: Network Administrator""></a></h3><ul><li>Responsible for smooth network operations</li><li>Network performance</li><li>Implementation of new nodes and users</li><li>Strong business background</li></ul><h3 id="_8-6-network-topology" tabindex="-1">8.6: Network Topology <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-6-network-topology" aria-label="Permalink to "8.6: Network Topology""></a></h3><p>Refers to the mapping of a physical network and logical interconnections between nodes. Basically, the way a network is arranged and laid out.</p><ul><li>Bus Topology: Sometimes called a linear bus topology where the network’s nodes are connected to a common linear backbone with tw endpoints. If the backbone fails, the whole network fails.</li><li>Star Topology: One central server in which clients connect in a spoke- like fashion, or star. If the server fails, the network fails. (Most common topology)</li><li>Ring Topology: Data is transferred between computers in a circular manner.</li></ul><h3 id="_8-7-types-of-computer-networks" tabindex="-1">8.7: Types of Computer Networks <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-7-types-of-computer-networks" aria-label="Permalink to "8.7: Types of Computer Networks""></a></h3><ul><li>Local Area Network (LAN): A small network typically confined by a single building. Often used by smaller businesses.</li><li>Campus Area Network (CAN): Connects two or more LANs which are located on universities or large businesses.</li><li>Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): A computer network that connects CANs and LANs into a larger network like a city.</li><li>Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects LANs, CANs, and MANs and can cover an entire country</li><li>Peer to Peer (P2P): Generally, connect computers to each other.</li><li>Internet: The world’s largest network interconnecting public, private, commercial, and governmental networks. Network Security Starts with a solid understanding of network threats. Network administrators must adopt policies which define rules for network access.</li><li>Passwords: A secret word or combination of keyboard characters typed in by the user to authenticate their identity to a network and gain appropriate access.</li><li>Strong Passwords: Same as passwords, but requires a user to use upper case characters, lower case characters, numbers, and special characters.</li><li>Passphrase: Same as a Strong Password, but a phrase that is memorable.</li></ul><h3 id="_8-8-network-security" tabindex="-1">8.8: Network Security <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-8-network-security" aria-label="Permalink to "8.8: Network Security""></a></h3><ul><li>Web Browsing on a Network: Part of network security includes policies and procedures regarding employee’s web browsing. Should a business let employees browse on the Web?</li><li>Email / Instant Messaging: On a business network, consider that all email and instant message is recorded and saved, therefore, policies and procedures must be in place regarding appropriate usage.</li><li>Permissions: Network access is called “permissions”, which grants and denies access to a network depending on the user.</li><li>Firewall: Hardware and software on a proxy server that determines who is allowed on a network, and who is not.</li></ul><h3 id="_8-9-green-business-computing-plan" tabindex="-1">8.9: Green Business Computing Plan <a class="header-anchor" href="#_8-9-green-business-computing-plan" aria-label="Permalink to "8.9: Green Business Computing Plan""></a></h3><p>Based on the idea that businesses can be environmentally friendly, more profitable, and socially responsible.</p><ul><li>Organizational policies and procedures</li><li>Best Practice considerations</li><li>Long term, sustainable considerations</li><li>Reduction of power usage and paper consumption</li><li>Recycling policies and procedures</li><li>Used computer software and hardware disposal</li><li>EPEAT and Energy Star® compliance</li><li>Green PC purchasing recommendations</li></ul></div></div></main><footer class="VPDocFooter" data-v-4885b148 data-v-10ef07da><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><!----><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--><div class="edit-info" data-v-10ef07da><div class="edit-link" data-v-10ef07da><a class="VPLink link vp-external-link-icon no-icon edit-link-button" href="https://github.com/andatoshiki/toshiki-notebook/edit/master/docs/academic/cis105/cis105-l8-lecture-note.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-v-10ef07da><!--[--><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 24 24" class="edit-link-icon" aria-label="edit icon" data-v-10ef07da><path d="M18,23H4c-1.7,0-3-1.3-3-3V6c0-1.7,1.3-3,3-3h7c0.6,0,1,0.4,1,1s-0.4,1-1,1H4C3.4,5,3,5.4,3,6v14c0,0.6,0.4,1,1,1h14c0.6,0,1-0.4,1-1v-7c0-0.6,0.4-1,1-1s1,0.4,1,1v7C21,21.7,19.7,23,18,23z"></path><path d="M8,17c-0.3,0-0.5-0.1-0.7-0.3C7,16.5,6.9,16.1,7,15.8l1-4c0-0.2,0.1-0.3,0.3-0.5l9.5-9.5c1.2-1.2,3.2-1.2,4.4,0c1.2,1.2,1.2,3.2,0,4.4l-9.5,9.5c-0.1,0.1-0.3,0.2-0.5,0.3l-4,1C8.2,17,8.1,17,8,17zM9.9,12.5l-0.5,2.1l2.1-0.5l9.3-9.3c0.4-0.4,0.4-1.1,0-1.6c-0.4-0.4-1.2-0.4-1.6,0l0,0L9.9,12.5z M18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5L18.5,2.5z"></path></svg> Edit this page on GitHub<!--]--></a></div><div class="last-updated" data-v-10ef07da><p class="VPLastUpdated" data-v-10ef07da data-v-d785740a>Last updated: <time datetime="2024-09-15T16:43:42.000Z" data-v-d785740a></time></p></div></div><nav class="prev-next" data-v-10ef07da><div class="pager" data-v-10ef07da><a class="pager-link prev" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l7-lecture-note" data-v-10ef07da><span class="desc" data-v-10ef07da>Previous page</span><span class="title" data-v-10ef07da>Lect 7: Green Business Computing</span></a></div><div class="pager" data-v-10ef07da><a class="pager-link next" href="/academic/cis105/cis105-l9-lecture-note" data-v-10ef07da><span class="desc" data-v-10ef07da>Next page</span><span class="title" data-v-10ef07da>Lect 9: Internet</span></a></div></nav></footer><!--[--><!--[--><!--[--><div id="comment-container"></div><!--]--><!--]--><!--]--></div></div></div><!--[--><!--]--></div></div><footer class="VPFooter has-sidebar" data-v-89207109 data-v-d607cddc><div class="container" data-v-d607cddc><p class="message" data-v-d607cddc>Copyright © 2023-2024 <a href="https://github.com/andatoshiki">Anda Toshiki</a>, <a href="https://github.com/lolilab">LoliLab</a> and <a href="https://github.com/toshikidev">Toshiki Dev</a> present <br /><span id="siteruntime_span"></span></p><p class="copyright" data-v-d607cddc>Wrote with <span class="heart">💓</span> with 🌵 by <a href="https://toshiki.dev">Anda Toshiki</a> at <code>root@andatoshiki:/~</code> in the innovative HQ of <a href="https://asu.edu">ASU</a></p></div></footer><!--[--><!--]--></div></div>
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