toshiki-notebook/assets/academic_chemistry_problems_03-02-1.md.adde7bf4.lean.js

import{_ as t}from"./chunks/PageInfo.vue_vue_type_script_setup_true_lang.250b3e56.js";import{_ as n,o as e,c as m,H as c,k as s,a}from"./chunks/framework.b7580407.js";import"./chunks/commonjsHelpers.725317a4.js";const q=JSON.parse('{"title":"Problem: 03-02-1","description":"","frontmatter":{},"headers":[],"relativePath":"academic/chemistry/problems/03-02-1.md","filePath":"academic/chemistry/problems/03-02-1.md","lastUpdated":1710111963000}'),i={name:"academic/chemistry/problems/03-02-1.md"},p=s("h1",{id:"problem-03-02-1",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Problem: 03-02-1 "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#problem-03-02-1","aria-label":'Permalink to "Problem: 03-02-1"'},"​")],-1),r=s("h2",{id:"question",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Question "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#question","aria-label":'Permalink to "Question"'},"​")],-1),o=s("p",{class:"katex-block"},[s("span",{class:"katex-display"},[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"2"),s("msub",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N")]),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"g"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mo",null,"→"),s("mn",null,"4"),s("msub",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O")]),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"g"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")"),s("mo",null,"+"),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"g"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"2 \\mathrm{~N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5(g) \\rightarrow 4 \\mathrm{NO}_2(g)+\\mathrm{O}_2(g) ")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"2"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N")]),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"g"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"→"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"4"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"NO")]),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"g"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"+"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"g"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])])])],-1),h=s("p",null,[a("The decomposition of "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"g"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5(g)")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"g"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])]),a(" is represented by the equation above. A sample of "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mi",null,"g"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5(g)")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.03588em"}},"g"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])]),a(" is monitored as it decomposes, and the concentration of "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" as a function of time is recorded. The results are shown in the table below.")],-1),g=s("table",null,[s("thead",null,[s("tr",null,[s("th",null,"Time (s)"),s("th",null,[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{[N_2O_5]}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"1em","vertical-align":"-0.25em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen"},"["),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose"},"]")])])])])])])]),s("tbody",null,[s("tr",null,[s("td",null,"0"),s("td",null,"1.000")]),s("tr",null,[s("td",null,"25.0"),s("td",null,"0.801")]),s("tr",null,[s("td",null,"50.0"),s("td",null,"0.642")]),s("tr",null,[s("td",null,"75.0"),s("td",null,"0.515")])])],-1),u=s("p",null,[a("Calculate the average rate of the reaction between "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"50.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"50.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"50.0")])])]),a(" and "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"75.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"75.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"75.0")])])]),a(" seconds.")],-1),y=s("h2",{id:"solution",tabindex:"-1"},[a("Solution "),s("a",{class:"header-anchor",href:"#solution","aria-label":'Permalink to "Solution"'},"​")],-1),d=s("p",{class:"katex-block"},[s("span",{class:"katex-display"},[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"a"),s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"A")]),s("mo",null,"+"),s("mi",null,"b"),s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"B")]),s("mo",null,"→"),s("mi",null,"c"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"C"),s("mo",null,"+"),s("mi",null,"d"),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"D")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"a \\mathrm{~A}+b \\mathrm{~B} \\rightarrow c \\mathrm{C}+d \\mathrm{D} ")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.7667em","vertical-align":"-0.0833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"a"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"A")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"+"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"b"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"B")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"→"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.7667em","vertical-align":"-0.0833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"c"),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"C"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"+"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d"),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"D")])])])])],-1),v=s("p",null,"the rate of reaction is defined as",-1),b=s("p",{class:"katex-block"},[s("span",{class:"katex-display"},[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mstyle",{mathcolor:"cyan"},[s("mtext",null," rate "),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mi",null,"a")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"A"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"t")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mi",null,"b")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"B"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"t")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"+"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mi",null,"c")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"C"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"t")])]),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"+"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mi",null,"d")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"["),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"D"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"]")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"t")])])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\color{cyan}\\text { rate }=-\\frac{1}{a} \\frac{\\Delta[\\mathrm{A}]}{\\Delta t}=-\\frac{1}{b} \\frac{\\Delta[\\mathrm{B}]}{\\Delta t}=+\\frac{1}{c} \\frac{\\Delta[\\mathrm{C}]}{\\Delta t}=+\\frac{1}{d} \\frac{\\Delta[\\mathrm{D}]}{\\Delta t} ")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6151em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord text",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}}," rate ")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel",style:{color:"cyan"}},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"2.113em","vertical-align":"-0.686em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"a")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"t")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mopen",style:{color:"cyan"}},"["),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm",style:{color:"cyan"}},"A"),s("span",{class:"mclose",style:{color:"cyan"}},"]")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel",style:{color:"cyan"}},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"2.113em","vertical-align":"-0.686em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"b")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"t")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mopen",style:{color:"cyan"}},"["),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm",style:{color:"cyan"}},"B"),s("span",{class:"mclose",style:{color:"cyan"}},"]")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel",style:{color:"cyan"}},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"2.113em","vertical-align":"-0.686em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"+"),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"c")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"t")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mopen",style:{color:"cyan"}},"["),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm",style:{color:"cyan"}},"C"),s("span",{class:"mclose",style:{color:"cyan"}},"]")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel",style:{color:"cyan"}},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"2.113em","vertical-align":"-0.686em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"+"),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"d")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{color:"cyan"}},"t")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{color:"cyan","border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},[s("span",{class:"mord",style:{color:"cyan"}},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mopen",style:{color:"cyan"}},"["),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm",style:{color:"cyan"}},"D"),s("span",{class:"mclose",style:{color:"cyan"}},"]")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])])])])],-1),x=s("p",null,[a("Notice that the rate of change in concentration of each species is divided by its coefficient from the balanced chemical equation ( "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"a")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"a")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.4306em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"a")])])]),a(", "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"b"),s("mo",{separator:"true"},","),s("mi",null,"c")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"b, c")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8889em","vertical-align":"-0.1944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"b"),s("span",{class:"mpunct"},","),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"c")])])]),a(", or "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",null,"d")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"d")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6944em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"d")])])]),a(" ). This ensures that the calculated reaction rate is the same no matter which reactant or product is monitored for changes in concentration. In this case, the monitored species was "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(". With that in mind, let's write the reaction rate in terms of the rate of change in concentration of "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" :")],-1),w=s("p",{class:"katex-block"},[s("span",{class:"katex-display"},[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," rate "),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{fence:"true"},"["),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")]),s("mo",{fence:"true"},"]")])]),s("mrow",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"Δ"),s("mi",null,"t")])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\text { rate }=-\\frac{1}{2} \\frac{\\Delta\\left[\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5\\right]}{\\Delta t} ")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6151em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord text"},[s("span",{class:"mord"}," rate ")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}})]),s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"2.113em","vertical-align":"-0.686em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"2")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal"},"t")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"Δ"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.1667em"}}),s("span",{class:"minner"},[s("span",{class:"mopen delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},"["),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose delimcenter",style:{top:"0em"}},"]")])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])])])])],-1),f=s("p",null,[a("Since the coefficient for "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" in the balanced equation is 2 , we divided the rate of change in concentration of "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" by 2 . Additionally, since "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"N"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("msub",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"O"),s("mn",null,"5")])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\mathrm{N}_2 \\mathrm{O}_5")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8333em","vertical-align":"-0.15em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"N"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"2")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"O"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.3011em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.55em","margin-left":"0em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"5")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.15em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])]),a(" is being consumed in the reaction, we included a negative sign in front of the expression.")],-1),k=s("p",null,[a("Now, let's plug in the information from the table to calculate the average reaction rate between "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"50.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"50.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"50.0")])])]),a(" and "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"75.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"75.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"75.0")])])]),a(" seconds:")],-1),z=s("p",{class:"katex-block"},[s("span",{class:"katex-display"},[s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML",display:"block"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mtable",{rowspacing:"0.25em",columnalign:"right left",columnspacing:"0em"},[s("mtr",null,[s("mtd",null,[s("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0",displaystyle:"true"},[s("mtext",null," rate ")])]),s("mtd",null,[s("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0",displaystyle:"true"},[s("mrow",null,[s("mrow"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mfrac",null,[s("mn",null,"1"),s("mn",null,"2")]),s("mfrac",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mn",null,"0.515"),s("mi",null,"M"),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"0.642"),s("mi",null,"M"),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},"("),s("mn",null,"75.0"),s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"s")]),s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"50.0"),s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"s")]),s("mo",{stretchy:"false"},")")])])])])])]),s("mtr",null,[s("mtd",null,[s("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0",displaystyle:"true"},[s("mrow")])]),s("mtd",null,[s("mstyle",{scriptlevel:"0",displaystyle:"true"},[s("mrow",null,[s("mrow"),s("mo",null,"="),s("mn",null,"2.54"),s("mo",null,"×"),s("mn",null,"1"),s("msup",null,[s("mn",null,"0"),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"3")])]),s("mi",null,"M"),s("msup",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mtext",null," "),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"s")]),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",null,"1")])])])])])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\begin{aligned} \\text { rate } & =-\\frac{1}{2} \\frac{(0.515 M-0.642 M)}{(75.0 \\mathrm{~s}-50.0 \\mathrm{~s})} \\\\ & =2.54 \\times 10^{-3} M \\mathrm{~s}^{-1} \\end{aligned} ")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"4.1871em","vertical-align":"-1.8436em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mtable"},[s("span",{class:"col-align-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"2.3436em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-4.3436em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.427em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord text"},[s("span",{class:"mord"}," rate ")])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-2.2434em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.427em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"})])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.8436em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"col-align-l"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"2.3436em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-4.3436em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.427em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"}),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.3214em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"2")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"1")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.686em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})]),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen nulldelimiter"}),s("span",{class:"mfrac"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t vlist-t2"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.427em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-2.314em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord"},"75.0"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"s")]),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"50.0"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"s")]),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.23em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"frac-line",style:{"border-bottom-width":"0.04em"}})]),s("span",{style:{top:"-3.677em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mopen"},"("),s("span",{class:"mord"},"0.515"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.10903em"}},"M"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"0.642"),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.10903em"}},"M"),s("span",{class:"mclose"},")")])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.936em"}},[s("span")])])])]),s("span",{class:"mclose nulldelimiter"})])])]),s("span",{style:{top:"-2.2434em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"3.427em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"}),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mrel"},"="),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2778em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"2.54"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"×"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"1"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},"0"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8641em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.113em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"3")])])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord mathnormal",style:{"margin-right":"0.10903em"}},"M"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mspace nobreak"}," "),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"s")]),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8641em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.113em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"1")])])])])])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"vlist-s"},"​")]),s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"1.8436em"}},[s("span")])])])])])])])])])])],-1),M=s("p",null,[a("So, the average rate of the reaction between "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"50.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"50.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"50.0")])])]),a(" and "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",null,"75.0")]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"75.0")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.6444em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},"75.0")])])]),a(" seconds is "),s("span",{class:"katex"},[s("span",{class:"katex-mathml"},[s("math",{xmlns:"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"},[s("semantics",null,[s("mrow",null,[s("mn",{mathvariant:"bold"},"2.54"),s("mo",null,"×"),s("mn",{mathvariant:"bold"},"1"),s("msup",null,[s("mn",{mathvariant:"bold"},"0"),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",{mathvariant:"bold"},"3")])]),s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"M"),s("msup",null,[s("mi",{mathvariant:"normal"},"s"),s("mrow",null,[s("mo",null,"−"),s("mn",{mathvariant:"bold"},"1")])])]),s("annotation",{encoding:"application/x-tex"},"\\bold{2.54 \\times 10^{-3} \\mathrm{M} \\mathrm{s}^{-1}}")])])]),s("span",{class:"katex-html","aria-hidden":"true"},[s("span",{class:"base"},[s("span",{class:"strut",style:{height:"0.8974em","vertical-align":"-0.0833em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathbf"},"2.54"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mbin"},"×"),s("span",{class:"mspace",style:{"margin-right":"0.2222em"}}),s("span",{class:"mord mathbf"},"1"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathbf"},"0"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord mathbf mtight"},"3")])])])])])])])]),s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"M"),s("span",{class:"mord"},[s("span",{class:"mord mathrm"},"s"),s("span",{class:"msupsub"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-t"},[s("span",{class:"vlist-r"},[s("span",{class:"vlist",style:{height:"0.8141em"}},[s("span",{style:{top:"-3.063em","margin-right":"0.05em"}},[s("span",{class:"pstrut",style:{height:"2.7em"}}),s("span",{class:"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},[s("span",{class:"mord mtight"},"−"),s("span",{class:"mord mathbf mtight"},"1")])])])])])])])])])])])]),a(".")],-1);function _(N,O,L,D,B,P){const l=t;return e(),m("div",null,[p,c(l,{readTime:"2",words:"404"}),r,o,h,g,u,y,d,v,b,x,w,f,k,z,M])}const S=n(i,[["render",_]]);export{q as __pageData,S as default};