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Chapter 6: System Software

6.1: System Software Overview

System Software:

Enables the Operating System
Controls memory, input and output, and manages filing system
Runs essential processes automatically
Controls the physical hardware so that applications software can work
If your computer is running, your system software is working

6.2: Starting the Computer

What happens when you press the power button:

System searches for Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Firmware, locates computer hardware
SS loads the platform (OS) into the computer’s memory: Booting
Powering up the computer for the first time: Cold Boot
Restarting a computer: Warm Boot
Computer will ask for login and load your profile
Preferences, themes, styles, and types of resources set up by the user
Registry loads settings made by the user
Screen savers, appearance, and personalizations

6.3: Administering Application Software

When a user clicks on an application, the application info moves from the hard drive to RAM (Random Access Memory)
SS and OS make sure application software works correctly

6.4: Memory Management

Computer memory allocation can be compared to a farmer allocating water for crops
Virtual memory: The technique of breaking large files down from the hard drive into smaller, more manageable files that fit in RAM
Smaller files called Pages
If the pages exceed RAM storage, OS will store temporary copies of pages to hard drive
Swap Files: When pages exceed RAM storage, OS swaps pages between hard drive and RAM Ask yourself: Does your business need new computers or new computer parts?
New computer: $800-1500
Upgraded RAM: $50-$200
Upgraded Hard Drive:$40-$100

6.5: Interfacing and Utilities

SS in the form of an OS must serve as a translator for both the computer and end user

Monitor: displays and renders output an end user can understand
GUI
Icon: A small pictogram on the desktop that a user clicks with a mouse
Window: A GUI unto its own
Device Drivers: allow input and output devices to operate properly
The background displayed on the monitor is considered the desktop environment, or "desktop" for short
Active Window: the window that the user is currently using

6.6: File Management Systems

Based on a hierarchy of folders that contain computer files. File management systems are searchable and provide information on files:

File Name
File Creation Date
File Modification Date
Location of the file
Who created or modified a file
File size
In business, it is important to establish your file management system early

6.7: System Software Utilities

Tracks: concentric circular bands
Sectors: Tracks that are separated into wedges
Defragmentation: Organizes + and – charges to the innermost tracks of the disk to reduce the amount of time it takes the R/W arm to find the info

6.8: Antivirus Utilities

Antivirus Utilities: System software that identifies known viruses to block them from entering and infecting a computer system

Utilizes a database of known viruses to cross reference against each incoming file
Subscription service: Norton Antivirus and McAfee VirusScan

6.9: System Updates

To compensate for OS inadequacies, OS offer a system software utility called system update
Patches sent from Microsoft (or Mac) via the Internet to a user’s computer

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