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Chapter 14: More SQL Statement

14.1: Statement Review

SELECT: What fields (column) you want
- fieldname: If the name is used in only one table
FROM: What table or tables contain the fields
ORDER BY: Sorting
DISTINCT: Use after SELECT when you only want to show each vale of the selected field(s) once
LIMIT: Use when you want to limit the number of records produced

14.2: New SQL Statements

WHERE: Applies conditions, filters
- WHERE clause conditions follow a pattern: field + comparison operator + value
- sql
```
WHERE crime.iucr_no = 420
```
```
WHERE crime.iucr_no = 420
```
  1
Comparison Operators:
- > : Returns all records larger than the specified value
- >=: Returns all records that are at least as large as the specified value (including the value)
- < : Returns all records smaller than the specified value
- <=: Returns all records that are at least as small as the specified value (including the value)
- = : Returns all records that are exactly equal to the specified value
- <>: Returns all records that are not equal to the specified value
NULL: An empty value
NOT: Can be used to create a condition that reverses the logic of any condition
- Similar logic to the NOT function in Excel
AND: Both conditions must be met for row to be included in query
OR: Used to combine criteria when we want our results to mach any criteria
BETWEEN: Shorthand way to include values in a range
IN: Shorthand way to include values in a range
LIKE: Use this statement when you aren't sure of the values in a record
%: any combination of characters
- %Keyword: ends with keyword
- \uFEFF\uFEFF%Keyword%: looks for %keyword% anywhere in the record
- Keyword%: starts with keyword
- substitutes for any single character
- 't_p' would return 'tip', 'tap', or 'top''; but not 'stop'
- 'p_st" would return 'past"', but not 'paste'
- 'h__s_n' would return 'hanson', 'hensen', or 'hansen'; but not 'harrison' (note that 'h%s_n' would return 'harrison')

14.3: Rules to Remember

To combine AND and OR statements, you must follow the order of operations (AND 1st, OR 2nd)
- If OR must be first, use ()
All words must be in between ('_'), ("_")
- If your value contains a quotation, use double quotation or a /
- All #s is left as-is

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