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5.2: Understanding Operating Systems

System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)
Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
- Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux
Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system.

5.3: Memory Management

Operating system coordinate: Computers memory
- Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory
- Disk Storage
CPU Cache: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory
- Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory
Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory
- volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off.

5.4: Memory Management Contd.

Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs
- Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.
Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage.
- The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.

5.5: Disk Management

OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible
- Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)
Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive
- Note required for SSD
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
- Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures
- Cons: more prone to damage
Solid State Drives (SSD)
- Pros: N moving parts, more reliable
- Cons: More expensive.

5.6: File Management

File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders
- Can be compared to a physical storage

5.7: Networks

Network: 2 or more computers connected together
Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another
- Transfers info by breaking up files into packates
The internet is the world's largest network

5.8: Device Drivers

Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices
Modern OS have plug-and-play capability
1996: USB developed and considered industry standard

5.9: embedded Operating Systems

Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing
- Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices
- Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases
- Embedded OS used on most cell pones
  - Google, Android, and iPhone

5.10: Mac or PC?

The answer is baed on the needs of the business
Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?

5.11: Major Operating Systems

Microsoft Windows: Windows 10
- Windows 11 available for download
Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS)
- Version 14: Sonoma
Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely
- Created by Linux Torvalds
UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.

5.12: Open-Source OS

Proprietary software vs. open-source
- Why doesn't everyone use open-source
Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted

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