# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 5 | Toshiki's Note
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# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 5 ​

Author:Anda Toshiki
Updated:a minute ago
Words:602
Reading:3 min

## Chapter 5: Operating System ​

### 5.1: Operating System Fundamentals ​

- 1980: Bill Gates and Paul Allen leased IBM a Personal Computer (PC) called MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) for a one-time fee of $50,000\$50,000$50,000.
  - Gates Kept the copyright for MS-DOS
- 1984: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created Mac OS
  - Advertised on "More user-friendly"

### 5.2: Understanding Operating Systems ​

- System software: Software that automatically runs to configure a computer (no human intervention)
- Operating system (AKA Platform): A collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
  - Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, UNIX, Linux
- Application software cannot run or be installed without a operating system.

### 5.3: Memory Management ​

- Operating system coordinate: Computers memory

  - Cache, Random Access Memory (RAM), registers, and virtual memory
  - Disk Storage

- CPU Cache: A small, very quick memory that stores copies of information and data from the most regularly-used parts of main memory

  - Helps decrease the time it takes to access memory.

- Random Access Memory (RAM): Volatile memory

- Disk Storage: Non-volatile memory

  - > volatile memory stores data when a computer is on but erases it as soon as the computer is switched off, whereas non-volatile memory remains in a computer even after the system shuts off.

### 5.4: Memory Management Contd. ​

- Registers: Small memory locations used to quicken the implementation of computer programs
  - Customization towards the device including wallpaper setting which is referred the process of registering.
- Virtual Memory: Memory the OS uses to coordinate, track and efficiently allocate the use of CPU cache, registers, RAM and disk storage.
  - The messenger between volatile and non-volatile storage.

### 5.5: Disk Management ​

- OS is responsible for saving information as efficiently as possible
  - Creates a table of contents of FAT (File Allocation Table)
- Defragmentation: A program the reorganizes the hard drive
  - Note required for SSD
- Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
  - Pros: More affordable, good for standard business procedures
  - Cons: more prone to damage
- Solid State Drives (SSD)
  - Pros: N moving parts, more reliable
  - Cons: More expensive.

### 5.6: File Management ​

- File manager are made up of Hierarchy of Directories, more commonly referred to as folders
  - Can be compared to a physical storage

### 5.7: Networks ​

- Network: 2 or more computers connected together
- Transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP): A set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another
  - Transfers info by breaking up files into packates
- The internet is the world's largest network

### 5.8: Device Drivers ​

- Device Driver: Allows the OS to communicate with peripheral devices
- Modern OS have plug-and-play capability
- 1996: USB developed and considered industry standard

### 5.9: embedded Operating Systems ​

- Embedded Operating System: OS installed on devices and appliances that rely on computing
  - Ex; Cash registers, automatic teller machines (ATM), microwaves, and specialized handled devices
  - Embedded OS cannot be modified in most cases
  - Embedded OS used on most cell pones
    - Google, Android, and iPhone

### 5.10: Mac or PC? ​

- The answer is baed on the needs of the business
- Ask yourself: Which one are your end-users comfortable or have experiencing using? Which one gives you a clear competitive advantage?

### 5.11: Major Operating Systems ​

- Microsoft Windows: Windows 10
  - Windows 11 available for download
- Mac Operating System (AKA Mac OS)
  - Version 14: Sonoma
- Linux: An open-source OS that can be modified, used, and redistributed by anyone freely
  - Created by Linux Torvalds
- UNIX: Popular for large processing applications like credit card transactions and approvals.

### 5.12: Open-Source OS ​

- Proprietary software vs. open-source
  - Why doesn't everyone use open-source
- Diffusion: A product or software is widely accepted