# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3 | Toshiki's Note
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# CIS105: Computer Applications & Information Systems Lect. 3 ​

Author:Anda Toshiki
Updated:a minute ago
Words:582
Reading:3 min

## Chapter 3: Computer Hardware ​

### 3.1: Technical Terminologies ​

- System Unit: Main body of the computer that contains a motherboard.
- Motherboard (AKA Circuit Board): Main component of a system unit; a compleex array of electronics that connect and help different components of the computer communicate with each other.
  - PC: Motherboards, Mac; Logic Boards
- Chassis (AKA Case or Box): Case to enclose the main components of a computer
- Microprocessor: The brains of the computer
  - Central processing unit (CPU): Interprets program instructions and processes data by performing arithmetic and logical operations.

### 3.2: Central Processing Unit (CPU) ​

- Speed is directly, but not solely, related to the CPU
- Measured in Clock Rate
  - The number of cycles per second, that a computer can perform its most basic task
- RSIC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Many chips encased into one chip
- Bus Lines; Pathways that transfer data and power between components inside of a computer.

Architecture Diagram of CPU | Actual CPU Image
--- | ---

### 3.3 Power Supply Unit (PSU) ​

- Supplies electricity
- Converts 100-120 volts or 220-240 volts of alternating current (AC) to a lower voltage direct current (DC) that can be used by the internal components of the system unit
- Different currents used in different parts of the world.

### 3.4: Primary and Secondary Storage ​

- Primary: The workbench
  - Random Access Memory (RAM): Primary storage
- Secondary: The storage for all your tools and supplies
  - Hard Drive: Secondary storage
- ROM Chips (Read-Only Memory): Preprogrammed chips that serve specialized internal tasks. No human intervention
  - AKA Firmware

#### 3.4.1: Secondary Storage Contd. ​

- Internal vs. External Storage
- Hard Drivers vs. Solid State Drivers (SSDs)
- Impractical for a computer to be stand-alone
- Important to consider business needs
  - Bad IT can make or break a business

### 3.5: Binary Number System ​

- Computer only understands one language: Machine code or machine language

- 1 or 0 (on or off)

- 1s or 0s are referred to as bits (short for binary digits)

- 8 bits become a byte

  - Byte 8 bits
  - Kilob

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): The coding scheme that most microcomputer use to represent bytes.

  - Name | Equal To | Size (In Bytes)
    --- | --- | ---
    Bit | 1 Bit | 1/8
    Nibble | 4 Bits | 1/2 (rare)
    Byte | 8 Bits | 1
    Kilobyte | 1024 Bytes | 1024
    Megabyte | 1, 024 Kilobytes | 1, 048, 576
    Gigabyte | 1, 024 Megabytes | 1, 073, 741, 824
    Terrabyte | 1, 024 Gigabytes | 1, 099, 511, 627, 776
    Petabyte | 1, 024 Terabytes | 1, 125, 899, 906, 842, 624
    Exabyte | 1, 024 Petabytes | 1, 152, 921, 504, 606, 846, 976
    Zettabyte | 1, 024 Exabytes | 1, 180, 591, 620, 717, 411, 303, 424
    Yottabyte | 1, 024 Zettabytes | 1, 208, 925, 819, 614, 629, 174, 706, 176

### 3.6: Peripheral Devices ​

- Input v. Output
- Input device: keywords, mice, touchpad, stylus, speakers, microphone, digital camera, etc/
- Optical Character Recognition (OCR): Converting printed text to digital text
- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): An input mechanism that can be used to label a product for identification and have the product's information transmitted through radio waves.

### 3.7: Output Devices Contd. ​

- Monitor: A series of transistors that translate machine code into text and images./
- Pixels: A single dot on a graphic or text image
- Resolution: The number of pixels inside a defined dimension on a monitor, commonly referred to as dots per inch (dpi).
  - Resolution is the most important feature of a monitor.